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What is The Strategic Logic Behind the Indian Army’s Olive Green Uniform?

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When Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited the Adampur Air Force Station recently, a striking image captured the essence of India’s military readiness—S-400 air defence systems and MiG-21 fighter aircraft, all bathed in the distinct shade of Olive Green. Far beyond being a mere aesthetic choice, this colour has become a tactical and symbolic staple of the Indian Army’s identity, especially visible during high-stakes operations like Operation Sindoor.

Adampur 1
Adampur Air Base Showcasing S-400 Defence System and MiG-21 Aircraft

Camouflage and Concealment in Varied Terrains

The primary reason for the widespread use of Olive Green is its effectiveness in camouflage. Most ground operations conducted by the Indian Army take place in forested, hilly, or semi-arid environments. In such terrains, Olive Green allows soldiers and their equipment to merge seamlessly with the surrounding landscape. From infantry on patrol to tanks concealed behind natural ridges, the colour reduces visibility against enemy surveillance, whether from the air or on the ground.

Soldiers in Jungle
Indo-Malaysia Joint Training in Jungle Warfare

Visual Coherence and Battlefield Coordination

Another key advantage is tactical uniformity. By using a standard colour across soldiers’ uniforms, vehicles, and weapons, the army ensures visual coherence on the battlefield. This consistency aids in distinguishing friend from foe and reduces the risk of friendly fire, particularly in fast-moving combat scenarios. It also enhances coordination between infantry units and mechanised divisions, improving operational efficiency.

Blend of Olive
Army Maintains Visual Coherence By Tactical Uniformity

From Khaki to Olive: A Strategic Transition

The adoption of Olive Green also carries a historical legacy. Prior to independence, Indian soldiers wore khaki uniforms—a practice inherited from the British military. However, in the 1980s, the Indian Army made a strategic shift to Olive Green, in line with global post-WWII military standards that favoured non-reflective, terrain-adaptive colours. Many nations had already begun adopting Olive Green for its superior blending qualities and functional appeal.

AI
AI Image Showing Transition of Uniform Over the Years.

Discipline, Unity, and a Shared Identity

Symbolically, Olive Green represents more than tactical advantage. It reflects the values of discipline, resilience, and unity. The colour ties the soldier not only to their team but also to the land they serve and protect. It fosters a shared sense of purpose and belonging across ranks and units, reinforcing the ethos of service.

Unity
Olive Green Reflects The Values of Discipline, Resilience, and Unity

Low Maintenance, High Utility

The colour also scores high in practicality. It conceals stains, dust, and signs of wear far better than lighter shades, reducing the burden of maintenance. Moreover, the cost of producing Olive Green clothing and coatings is significantly lower than manufacturing elaborate camouflage patterns, making it an economical choice for large-scale application.

Para
Olive Green Conceals Stains, Dust, and Signs of Wear Far Better Than Lighter Shades, Reducing the Burden of Maintenance

Adaptability in Diverse Operational Theatres

Despite its prevalence, the Indian military remains flexible in adapting uniform colours to specific operational needs. For example, selected units employ disruptive pattern materials (DPM) for enhanced camouflage in specialised environments. The Indian Air Force wears blue in ceremonial settings but switches to Olive Green for combat operations. The Navy, meanwhile, operates in white to remain visible during maritime manoeuvres and emergency situations.

Also Read: 8 Uniforms of the Indian Army that You Have to Earn

Also Read: 17 Uniforms Of The Indian Air Force That You Have To Earn

Also Read: 10 Uniforms Of The Indian Navy That You Need To Earn

More Than a Colour: A Statement of Purpose

In essence, the choice of Olive Green is deeply rooted in both strategic foresight and cultural resonance. It is not merely a colour but a visual embodiment of the Indian Army’s readiness, unity, and dedication—a message reinforced during every phase of Operation Sindoor.

Supreme Court Directs Indian Air Force Not to Release Officer Involved in Operation Sindoor

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The Supreme Court on May 22, 2025, directed the Centre and the Indian Air Force (IAF) not to release Wing Commander Nikita Pandey, a woman officer who played a key role in Operation Balakot and Operation Sindoor, despite being denied permanent commission under a 2019 policy. The Court’s bench comprising Justices Surya Kant and N Kotiswar Singh emphasized the adverse impact of uncertainty in service on officers of the armed forces.

During the hearing, the bench praised the professionalism and dedication of the Indian Air Force, calling its officers a vital asset to the nation. Justice Surya Kant remarked on the “unparalleled” coordination displayed by the force and acknowledged the sacrifices made by officers that allow citizens to feel secure.

Senior advocate Menaka Guruswamy, representing Wing Commander Pandey, argued that Pandey, an expert fighter controller and second in the country’s merit list of such specialists, was unfairly denied permanent commission. The officer has served more than 13.5 years but was forced to conclude her service within a month due to the policy denying her permanent commission.

The Court questioned the Centre and IAF, represented by Additional Solicitor General Aishwarya Bhati, about the reasons for denying the commission. Ms. Bhati, who herself comes from an armed forces family, acknowledged the officer’s competence but stated that Pandey was found unfit by the selection board and had bypassed internal representations, directly approaching the Supreme Court. She added that a second selection board would soon reconsider the case.

The bench ordered that Wing Commander Pandey’s release from service be stayed until further orders and scheduled the next hearing for August 6, 2025. However, the Court clarified that it was not creating any equity in her favor and kept all contentions open.

Ms. Bhati highlighted the structural constraints of the IAF’s “steep pyramidal” system, explaining that officers typically serve a maximum of 14 years under the Short Service Commission (SSC), after which only a limited number can be granted permanent commission to maintain force vitality.

Justice Kant stressed the need for the armed forces to accommodate all suitable SSC women officers into permanent commissions, recognizing their outstanding performance. He suggested that if 100 SSC officers are recruited, the system should have the capacity to absorb all those found fit into permanent roles.

Ms. Bhati responded that while 90-95% of officers are generally found fit for permanent commission, final selection depends on comparative merit and available vacancies, noting the limitations posed by the hierarchical structure.

This ruling marks an important development in ongoing debates about women’s roles and career progression in the Indian armed forces, underscoring judicial support for fair treatment and clarity in service terms for officers like Wing Commander Nikita Pandey.

Pakistan Army Spokesman Threatens India Over Indus Waters, Echoing Terrorist Hafiz Saeed

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In a provocative escalation of rhetoric, Pakistan Army spokesperson Lt Gen Ahmed Sharif Chaudhry issued a direct threat to India over the suspension of the Indus Waters Treaty, echoing the language of UN-designated terrorist Hafiz Saeed.

Speaking at a public event in a Pakistani university, Chaudhry declared, “If you block our water, we will choke your breath,” in response to India’s decision to halt aspects of the 1960 Indus Waters Treaty following a deadly terror attack in Jammu and Kashmir’s Pahalgam that left 26 people dead. His remarks mirror Hafiz Saeed’s infamous threats, sparking outrage and drawing sharp criticism from Indian observers.

India’s suspension of treaty obligations, announced on April 23, came a day after the Pahalgam attack. The move was followed by Operation Sindoor on May 7, in which Indian forces targeted nine terror hideouts in Pakistan and Pakistan-Occupied-Kashmir.

The Indus Waters Treaty, brokered by the World Bank, has governed water sharing between India and Pakistan for over six decades. However, India has increasingly signaled that its patience is wearing thin over Islamabad’s alleged inaction on cross-border terrorism. New Delhi maintains that “blood and water cannot flow together” and has tied future cooperation to Pakistan’s commitment to ending terror support.

Lt Gen Chaudhry’s remarks are seen as an official endorsement of extremist rhetoric, further straining India-Pakistan ties. Analysts warn that such statements could erode diplomatic space and increase the risk of confrontation in an already volatile regional climate.

21 Para SF Major (now Lt Col) CVS Nikhil Awarded Shaurya Chakra for Gallantry on India-Myanmar Border

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President Droupadi Murmu presented the Shaurya Chakra to Lieutenant Colonel CVS Nikhil of the 21st Battalion, The Parachute Regiment (Special Forces), at a ceremony held at Rashtrapati Bhavan. The award recognizes his outstanding courage and leadership during a high-risk counter-insurgency operation along the India-Myanmar border.

Also Read: President Murmu Awards 6 Kirti Chakras and 33 Shaurya Chakras at Defence Investiture Ceremony 2025

The operation, conducted on November 23, 2022, saw then-Major Nikhil lead a covert mission deep into militant-dominated jungle terrain. According to official records, he infiltrated hostile territory under the cover of night and faced heavy enemy fire. Displaying exceptional tactical skill, he led an assault that eliminated two high-priority insurgents, significantly disrupting militant operations in the region and ensuring the safety of his team.

CVS

The Shaurya Chakra is India’s third-highest peacetime gallantry award, established in 1952 and renamed in 1967. It is awarded for acts of extraordinary bravery away from direct combat and includes a monthly stipend granted by the central government since 1999.

Lt. Col. Nikhil’s unit, 21 Para (Special Forces), has a distinguished record within the Indian Army. Formerly the 21 Maratha Light Infantry, the battalion was re-designated as a Special Forces unit in 1996. It has participated in numerous high-profile operations, including Operation Hot Pursuit in 2015, where it successfully targeted insurgent camps along the India-Myanmar border.

The 21 Para (SF) is known for its counter-insurgency and special reconnaissance operations in hostile environments. The battalion has earned several prestigious citations, including multiple Chief of Army Staff Unit Citations and GOC-in-C Eastern Command Citations.

Lt. Col. CVS Nikhil’s recognition highlights the Indian Army’s focus on cultivating fearless leadership and precision operations in unconventional warfare scenarios. The award ceremony was attended by senior military officials, dignitaries, and families of awardees, celebrating the bravery and dedication of India’s elite forces.

1 Para SF Subedar Vikas Tomar Awarded Shaurya Chakra for Bravery in Anti-Terror Operation

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President Droupadi Murmu awarded the prestigious Shaurya Chakra to Subedar Vikas Tomar of the 1 Para Special Forces at a solemn ceremony held at Rashtrapati Bhavan. The award was conferred for his exceptional bravery and leadership during a high-risk counter-terrorism operation in the dense Dhagri Forest on September 11, 2024.

Also Read: President Murmu Awards 6 Kirti Chakras and 33 Shaurya Chakras at Defence Investiture Ceremony 2025

The operation, which lasted 120 hours, saw Subedar Tomar lead his team through intense combat under extremely hostile conditions. Demonstrating tactical acumen and unwavering courage, he successfully engaged and neutralized terrorist threats while ensuring the safety of his team. He also evacuated injured personnel amid heavy enemy fire, preventing a major terror plot and embodying the highest traditions of valor and sacrifice, as noted in the official citation.

Vikas Tomar

The Shaurya Chakra, instituted in 1952 and renamed in 1967, is India’s third-highest peacetime gallantry award. It is awarded to both military and civilian personnel for acts of bravery and self-sacrifice outside direct combat with the enemy.

Subedar Tomar serves in the elite 1 Para Special Forces unit of the Indian Army, a battalion renowned for its expertise in counter-insurgency, anti-terror operations, and high-risk reconnaissance missions. The Dhagri operation once again highlighted the critical role played by the Para SF in safeguarding India’s national security.

President Murmu commended Tomar’s indomitable spirit and valor, stating that his actions serve as an inspiration to the nation. The event was attended by senior military officials, fellow awardees, and the families of the brave, making it a moment of pride for the armed forces and the country.

In his brief remarks, Subedar Tomar dedicated the award to his unit and family, especially acknowledging the unwavering support of his mother, Shrimati Onkar Devi, and father, Shri Sanjay Singh. His recognition further adds to the legacy of the Para Special Forces—India’s most elite and fearless warriors since their formation in 1966.

Indian Army Inaugurates “Panchshul Pulse” Community Radio Station in Pithoragarh

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The Indian Army on May 23, 2025, launched a community radio station named “Panchshul Pulse” at 88.4 FM in Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand, aimed at strengthening ties with local communities in remote and high-altitude regions. The station was inaugurated by Lt Gen Anindya Sengupta, General Officer Commanding-in-Chief of the Army’s Central Command.

The initiative, led by the Army’s Panchshul Brigade, seeks to use radio as a tool for community development and communication. It will focus on celebrating local culture, spreading awareness of government and Army initiatives, promoting education, and generating employment opportunities, while also offering entertainment tailored to regional audiences.

Lt Gen Sengupta highlighted the significance of the station in enhancing civil-military relations and using media to reach isolated populations. He noted the success of a similar initiative, Kumaon Vani in Nainital, which has connected nearly 500 villages, and expressed optimism that Panchshul Pulse would yield similar results.

The station’s launch marks a strategic effort to integrate technological outreach with local development goals, reinforcing the Army’s role beyond security to i

nclude welfare and empowerment in frontier areas.

The inauguration was attended by Army officials, local leaders, and residents, reflecting the collaborative nature of the project. Programming on Panchshul Pulse will cater to the specific needs and aspirations of the region, helping preserve its cultural heritage while supporting progress and resilience in the border district.

China, Pakistan, Afghanistan Agree to Extend CPEC in Trilateral Talks

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In a significant diplomatic development, China, Pakistan, and Afghanistan have agreed to expand the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) into Afghanistan during informal trilateral talks held in Beijing, according to Reuters. The move signals closer cooperation under China’s broader Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) despite ongoing regional tensions.

The meeting brought together Pakistan’s Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Ishaq Dar, Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi, and Afghanistan’s Acting Foreign Minister Amir Khan Muttaqi. Discussions focused on enhancing diplomatic engagement and bolstering economic collaboration, particularly in trade, infrastructure, and development across the region.

The three countries reiterated their commitment to peace and stability through development-oriented initiatives. “Pakistan, China, and Afghanistan stand together for regional peace, stability and development,” Dar posted on X after the meeting.

This development comes as Dar undertakes a three-day visit to Beijing, his first major diplomatic engagement following the recent India-Pakistan conflict. The visit also laid the groundwork for the upcoming 6th Trilateral Foreign Ministers’ Meeting, which will be held in Kabul at a mutually convenient date, according to Pakistan’s foreign ministry.

India, however, has consistently opposed the CPEC, especially its extension through Pakistan-occupied Kashmir. The Indian Ministry of External Affairs had previously stated that participation in such projects by third countries directly infringes on India’s sovereignty.

The CPEC is a flagship initiative of China’s Belt and Road project, aiming to create modern trade and transport networks linking China with coastal and inland economies throughout Asia. Its extension into Afghanistan is seen as a strategic move by China and Pakistan to solidify regional influence, while offering economic incentives to the Taliban-led government in Kabul.

IndiGo Pilot Denied Entry Into Pakistan Airspace Amid Turbulence

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A Delhi-Srinagar IndiGo flight carrying over 220 people, including a high-profile delegation from the Trinamool Congress, encountered severe turbulence and a sudden hailstorm on May 21 after Pakistan denied a pilot’s urgent request to enter its airspace, sources told PTI.

The IndiGo pilot of flight 6E 2142 sought permission from Lahore Air Traffic Control to divert through Pakistani airspace in order to avoid the dangerous weather. The request, made while the plane was over Amritsar, was turned down by Pakistani authorities, reportedly due to heightened tensions between the two nations following the recent Pahalgam terror attack that killed 26.

With no alternative route granted, the aircraft continued on its original path and encountered intense turbulence. The flight eventually landed safely at Srinagar International Airport. According to IndiGo, all passengers were unharmed and the aircraft is now undergoing maintenance checks before returning to service.

Onboard the flight were five Trinamool Congress MPs — Derek O’Brien, Nadimul Haque, Sagarika Ghose, Manas Bhunia, and Mamata Thakur. Speaking after the incident, Ghose described the experience as “near-death,” recounting how terrified passengers screamed and prayed during the ordeal. “Hats off to the pilot who brought us through that. The nose of the plane had blown up,” she added.

The Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) has launched an investigation into the incident. Meanwhile, both India and Pakistan continue to restrict airspace access to each other’s carriers amid diplomatic strain.

Sepoy Sandeep Pandurang Killed in Kishtwar Encounter with Pakistani Terrorists

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Sepoy Sandeep Pandurang of the 17 Rashtriya Rifles lost his life during a fierce encounter with Pakistani terrorists in the Singhpora Chatroo area of Kishtwar district on Thursday. The joint counter-insurgency operation, which commenced early in the morning, also left two other soldiers injured, according to official Army sources.

The ongoing operation, codenamed “Op Trashi,” is being conducted by the Indian Army’s 2 Para, 11 Rashtriya Rifles, 7 Assam Rifles, and the Jammu & Kashmir Police’s Special Operations Group (SOG). Security forces launched the offensive based on intelligence reports indicating the presence of three to four heavily armed foreign terrorists affiliated with the Jaish-e-Mohammad (JeM) terrorist outfit.

During the exchange of fire, Sepoy Pandurang sustained critical injuries and later succumbed, making the supreme sacrifice in the line of duty. He hailed from Karandi village in Akole tehsil of Maharashtra’s Ahmednagar district. The injured soldiers were evacuated to a military hospital and are currently receiving medical treatment.

As per initial reports, two terrorists may have been eliminated during the operation, although official confirmation from the Army is awaited. The firefight took place in treacherous weather conditions, with high-altitude terrain and poor visibility complicating the troops’ efforts, according to the Indian Army’s White Knight Corps.

This encounter comes just weeks after a similar engagement in the same region on April 12, in which two Pakistani terrorists, including a top JeM commander, were killed and a cache of advanced weapons, including an M4 rifle and an AK-series weapon, was recovered.

The latest confrontation underlines the continued threat of cross-border terrorism in Jammu & Kashmir. Tensions between India and Pakistan have been escalating, particularly after the April 22 terror attack in Kashmir, which reignited calls for stricter counter-terrorism operations. India has consistently accused Pakistan of harboring and aiding terrorist outfits targeting Indian territory.

Sepoy Pandurang’s death has drawn widespread tributes from across the nation. His sacrifice has been honored by military leaders and civilians alike, with many describing him as a symbol of courage and selflessness. In line with the Indian Army’s protocol, the term “veergati” is used to recognize his ultimate sacrifice while avoiding civilian terms like “martyr.”

The Indian Army has reaffirmed its commitment to eliminating terrorism from the region, vowing to carry forward its counter-insurgency mission to ensure peace and security. Updates on the operation and the status of the remaining terrorists are expected in the coming hours.

Lt Gen Anindya Sengupta Inspects Panchshul Brigade’s Readiness in Mountainous Forward Areas

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Lieutenant General Anindya Sengupta, General Officer Commanding-in-Chief of the Indian Army’s Surya Command, conducted a comprehensive review of the operational, training, and administrative preparedness of the Infantry Battalions under the Panchshul Brigade. The brigade is stationed in a forward high-altitude sector, likely in regions such as Eastern Ladakh or Siachen, where India has reinforced its military posture following recent standoffs with China.

The visit emphasized the Indian Army’s sustained focus on readiness in strategically sensitive northern areas. Lt Gen Sengupta was briefed on the brigade’s ongoing modernization efforts, which include the induction of next-generation weapon systems, enhanced mobility equipment, and technology-driven battlefield tools. These developments are in line with the Army’s broader initiative to embrace technological transformation across all formations.

Amid snow-covered peaks and rugged terrain, the Army Chief lauded the troops’ professionalism and resilience. He praised their ability to operate in one of the world’s harshest military environments and encouraged them to maintain their high standards of operational effectiveness. This inspection follows Lt Gen Sengupta’s earlier visit to the Panchshul Locators unit in Nainital in January 2025, reflecting his continued attention to operational preparedness across the region.

The review comes as part of the Indian Army’s “Year of Technology Absorption” campaign launched in 2024, which aims to reduce logistical vulnerabilities and enhance warfighting capabilities in difficult terrain. The initiative has already seen the integration of drones, counter-drone systems, and upgraded vehicles, alongside collaborations with premier institutions like IIT Delhi. Notably, the Army has deployed innovations such as the IoT-based “Vidyut Rakshak” system to monitor generator performance in real time.

The Panchshul Brigade’s deployment and preparedness are crucial to India’s defensive posture along the Line of Actual Control, particularly following the Galwan Valley clashes of 2020. Training in these formations includes rigorous acclimatization, mountaineering exercises, and simulations of tactical scenarios unique to high-altitude warfare.

Lt Gen Sengupta’s visit highlights the Army’s ongoing efforts to ensure that frontline units are fully equipped and mentally conditioned to face any emerging threats. As regional tensions persist, especially along the Himalayan frontier, such reviews reinforce India’s resolve to secure its territorial integrity through advanced readiness and modernization.