Here’s Why Tri-Services Have Distinct Salutes

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March 6, 2016

Hello, Warriors. A salute is a gesture of respect and trust among soldiers which encourages a pride in their ever-shining uniforms while at the same time elevates them in their own eyes by reminding them all of that is implied by the profession and its traditions of chivalry and courtesy.

The salute is the highest form of respect that the Armed Forces can display. The practice of saluting went through a number of transformations since the 1700’s Romans started it and gradually it came to be what it is today, as a stepped in tradition.

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Answering a question on Quora that why Indian Armed Forces have distinct salutes for its three services, you will surprised to know the history and meaning of salutes in the tri-services.

Indian Army – Open palm facing the person in front

The army’s salute is conducted with the palms open, facing the person being saluted to show that they are not carrying any weapons and that they can trust them.

A salute is executed by an open palm gesture with the weapon hand (which is standardised as the right hand), with fingers and thumb together and the middle finger almost touching the hatband or the eyebrow.

It is believed that it began in the late Roman times when a citizen who wanted to meet a public official had to raise his hand in order to show that he had no concealed weapon in his palm. This however grew into a means to show respect for armed forces all over the world.

Indian Navy – Open palm facing the ground

In Indian Navy, a salute is executed with the palm facing the ground at a 90 degree angle to the forehead. The reason behind this is to hide the hands of sailors that got dirty due to oil or grease stains while working on the ship.

In the olden days, since the sailors were always working on their sailing ships, their hands would get greasy and dirty. So they started saluting with their palms facing down, so as to not disrespect their seniors. Well the sailing ships are gone now but the tradition has remained.

Indian Air Force – Open palm at a 45 degree angle to the ground

In March 2006, Indian Air Force issued new salute norms to its personnel. This new salute involves the palm at a 45-degree angle to the ground and the right arm being sharply raised from the front by the shortest possible way. It is a mid-way between the Army and Navy salute and was standardised to make it more convenient for the IAF.

Earlier, IAF hand salute was just like the Army one. The new salute, with the edge of the hand pointing towards the sky, shows progression of the Air Warriors towards the sky.

So, the next time you see a person in uniform, don’t forget to salute!

Indian Air Force To Get 2 New AWACS – 11 Key Points

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March 6, 2016

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Hello, Warriors; if reports are true, India is currently drafting a contract for acquisition of two advanced Israeli Phalcon AWACS [Airborne Warning and Control System]. The Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) chaired by PM Narendra Modi, has cleared a proposal to purchase two Phalcon AWACS surveillance aircraft from Israel.

CCS’s approval comes ahead of Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s official visit to Israel later in 2016. This visit will make him first Indian Prime Minister to visit Israel and it will give major boost to Indo-Israel ties.

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Here is what you need to know about AWACS:

AWACS is an acronym for Airborne Warning And Control System and is used as India’s defence against cruise missiles and hostile aircraft more efficiently.
The AWACS is an aircraft having advanced radars mounted on it to give the ability to see deep inside enemy territory and 360 degree coverage to detect incoming aircraft and missiles at long ranges.
The two Phalcon AWACS to be acquired will enable India to detect any aerial threat more effectively than ground-based radars.
The Indian Air Force (IAF) already had three such AWACS platforms that comprise of Israeli-made radars mounted on Russian heavy transport planes IL-76.
The primary tasks of the present IAF’s AWACS are to detect airborne objects, determine their coordinates and flight path data and transfer the information to command posts.
It also acts as a control centre, guiding fighter-interceptors and tactical air force aircraft to combat areas in order to attack ground targets at low altitudes. The A-50 is fitted with an aerial refuelling system and electronic warfare equipment and can detect targets up to 400 kilometres away.
The system can also receive transmissions from other air and ground stations and uses sensor fusion to provide a complete picture of the battle space out to several hundred kilometres.
This defence deal to get two more AWACS will cost India 7,500 crore rupees as per a tripartite agreement signed with Israel and Russia.
The tripartite deal had earlier been signed in 2004 in which Russia supplied three Il-76 A-50 heavy air-lifters, which were later used as platforms for AWACS. The job of Israel was to fit the Phalcon AWACS systems on these Russian platforms.
In a comparatively short period since is first acquisition, AWACS have become the backbone of all IAF’s air operations and have proved their worth in various major exercises and operation.
Due to a host of capabilities including Electronic and Signal Intelligence gathering, the AWACS will play a pivotal role in Network Centric Operations along with other crucial systems like Operational Data Link (ODL), Integrated Air Command and Control System (IACCS) and the Air Force Net (AFNET) system of the IAF.

Meanwhile, India is also in line to develop indigenous mini-AWACS under which AEW&C (airborne early warning and control) systems developed by DRDO will be mounted on three Embraer-145 jets bought from Brazil.

BSF Hands Over 5-Year-Old Pakistani Mute Girl To Pak Rangers

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March 6, 2016

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BSF Hands Over 5-Year-Old Pakistani Mute Girl To Pak Rangers

Close on the heels of the Bollywood blockbuster ‘Bajrangi Bhaijaan’, the Border Security Force (BSF) on Saturday handed over a deaf and mute five-year-old Pakistani girl to authorities in that country. The girl was found at the Abohar sector at around 10:30 am and was handed back at 2 pm, after a meeting between BSF officials and Pakistani Rangers.

BSF officials said that because of her condition, they were unable to communicate with the girl. The Pakistani Rangers were informed, who then sent out alerts to villages close to the border. The girl was identified as Liva Bibi (5), daughter of Allah Ditta, and she hails from Sadiq village in Kasur district, located close to the Khemkaran sector in Punjab.

The BSF Deputy Inspector General (DIG) R S Kataria said the girl was spotted by the border force’s ‘Kisan Guards’, who accompany farmers whose land is close to the Indo-Pak border. “She inadvertently crossed the International Boundary, entered Indian territory and reached near a border security fence,” Kataria said, adding that the border fence is usually located a little inside the International Border.

As a goodwill gesture and as part of confidence-building measures with Pakistan, the girl was returned on humanitarian grounds after her father identified her, the DIG said. BSF sources said the girl’s father is a farmer and that she had accompanied him to his farm today, from where she strayed into the Indian territory.

Source: indianexpress.com

8 Tips To Combat Shyness And Social Anxiety

By

Simran Singh

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March 5, 2016

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If I ask you whether you feel a little jittery while you are about to go on a podium for a speech or a debate, most likely your answer would be a yes. There might have been an incident or two when you must have felt shy to walk up to talk to a person or you must have felt hesitant or anxious to ask someone for professional matters. The feeling of butterflies in the stomach often occurs in such situations due to anxiety and shyness.
It’s a very common thing to happen irrespective whether you are an extrovert or an introvert. All of us at some point would have felt shy or socially anxious. It’s normal, but when these feelings of anxiety and shyness start taking a toll on a person, it can lead to various psychological disorders.
From the SSB point of view, social anxiety and shyness can hamper your chances of success. With self -confidence, social adaptability and initiative being some of the OLQs, you have to mould yourself so that your shyness and anxiety doesn’t cause a hindrance to your successful performance.

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How you perform in the Lecturette, the Group Discussion, the Command Task, the Group Task, the Interview and other tests, all can get affected if you let your shyness and anxiety control you. Leaving SSB aside, even general life functioning will be affected.

According to Dr. Bernardo J. Carducci, shyness has three components:
Excessive Self-Consciousness – you are overly aware of yourself, particularly in social situations.
Excessive Negative Self-Evaluation – you tend to see yourself negatively.
Excessive Negative Self-Preoccupation – you tend to pay too much attention to all the things you are doing wrong when you are around other people.

One tends to feel shy and socially anxious due to various internal (from within the individual) and external (the outside environment) factors.
Having a low self -esteem and doubting oneself is an example of internal factors, while being labelled as a shy person by other people is an example of external factors.

How can one overcome shyness and social anxiety?

Engaging with others.
Start with indulging in small talk with people. It could be in a supermarket, metro rides, restaurants, neighbours, etc. The more you engage and get exposure to different individuals, the more confident you will be in dealing with diverse individuals.
Understand your anxiety.
Try and figure out what makes you anxious. Try to find out the specific situations that make you act shy in front of people and understand how it affects your life. Having this information will make it simpler for you to combat your shyness and anxiety in social settings.
Act confidently.
Confidence can be learned and it comes through practice. There must have been so many things you might have been afraid of in your childhood but I’m sure you’ve overcome those fears now. Avoiding social gatherings and interaction is the problem and facing this situation with confidence and self-belief is the solution.
Develop confident body language.
Make your body language such that people feel and think that you’re a positive and an open person. Smile, give warm and affectionate handshakes, make eye contact, walk with your head held high, and speak clearly and effectively.
Focus on the moment.
While talking and conversing with others shift your focus from yourself, how you look, how you talk to what’s being spoken. Focus on the content, the words, the expressions and the tone.
Turn self-consciousness to self-awareness.
With your understanding of what makes you shy, seek within yourself and observe yourself. Self-awareness is the first step towards any change or life improvement.
Practice social skills.
Social skills aren’t hard to cultivate. Practice them and figure out what you should do and how you should behave in particular situations.
Try new things in life.
You get one life to live and there are n number of things to do and goals to achieve. Don’t let your social anxiety take control of your life. Join a club, go to a new place, play a new sport, do things that you’ve never done before even if it makes you anxious. This is the best way you will gain confidence.

Why Is Emotional Intelligence Important

By

Simran Singh

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March 5, 2016

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Emotional intelligence has become quite a hot topic in the recent past. The concept of emotional intelligence has changed and evolved over the years, from its inception as being called “social intelligence” all the way back in the 1930’s, to “emotional strength” in the mid-20th century, to its current terminology, “emotional intelligence.”
The EI is a very sought after and a desirable quality that almost all the organizations seek in their potential and present employees. Even if we leave the workplace setting aside, the EI is an important and useful aspect of everyone’s life. It affects how we manage behaviour, social complexities and make personal decisions to achieve positive results.

There are two primary competencies of emotional intelligence:
(a) Personal competence– the ability to be aware of one’s emotions and manage one’s behaviour. It comprises of self -awareness and self- management.
Self-awareness is the ability of a person to accurately perceive their emotions and stay aware of them as they happen.
Self-management is the ability of a person to use the awareness of emotions to direct and guide their behaviour.
(b) Social competence– the ability of a person to understand other people’s moods, behaviour, and motives in order to improve the quality of your relationships.
Social- awareness is your ability to accurately realise emotions in other people and understand what is really going on.
Relationship management is your ability to use awareness of your emotions and the others’ emotions to manage interactions successfully.

Emotional Intelligence is extremely important since a number of other qualities and attributes depend on it.
Following are some of the areas in which the EI plays a vital role:

Mental wellbeing
Emotional intelligence affects how we perceive and behave to our and other’s emotions. It affects our outlook to life. High EI results in better management of stress and anxiety and it’s also believed to be correlated with a higher positive attitude.
Relationships
With better personal and social competence, comes better ability to manage one’s relationships. Being able to manage, communicate and understand emotions better will always give fruitful results to you be it the personal relationships or the professional one and relationships tend to grow stronger and better.
Success
Higher emotional intelligence helps one to be motivated and reduce procrastination, increase self-confidence, and improve our ability to focus on one’s goals. It also allows people to create support networks, overcome setbacks and gives the ability to bounce back. All of this has a positive impact on one’s success.
Leadership
The ability to understand what motivates others and then to use that information in a positive manner and build and maintain relationships makes those individuals better leaders in an organizational setting. An emotionally intelligent leader knows how to build a team strategically and how to motivate and encourage the team members to work towards fulfilment of the objectives. Thus, leading to higher performance of the entire team.
Conflict resolution
When an individual possesses the ability to understand and interpret others’ emotions, they can easily resolve a conflict. Better negotiations can be made because if you know what others want you’ll be able to provide it to them in a better manner.
Physical health: Stress and anxiety have both psychological as well as physical implications. When an individual is able to understand his/her emotion well, they can manage their stress and anxiety in an efficient manner and thus the physical health too gets benefited.

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The importance of emotional intelligence can be seen in various aspects of our lives. Being emotionally intelligent is an added advantage and being high on EI will help you a lot in life.

Military Budget – India Vs China

By

Ravinder Tanwar

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March 5, 2016

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With the assent of the national budget in India, several pros and cons of it are being discussed by the media about the correctness of fund allocated in a particular field. But the government got worried just after a few days of passing of the budget when China announced its plan to increase its military budget by 7-8 percent. Now let’s take a look over the current scenario that became the eye catcher.

The Chinese government has declared hike in its defence budget as revealed by a domestic media source. The sources also mentioned the expectations of hike of defence budget by 7-8 percent. While military analysts in China are indicating hike totalling to be about $ 145 billion. Last year, the hike was about 10.1 percent. Their defence budget is nearly three times more than that of Indian defence budget. A few days ago, national budget was passed stating an increase of 9.76% in defence, making the count to 2.58 lakh crore. This includes the most waited One Rank One Pension. Analysing the total budget of India, defence budget accounts for about 17% of the total expenditure.

Reason behind Hike in Defence Budget

The all over growth of China is a bit low and Yuan devaluation has made the nation porous. But still the decision of government to increase the defence budget is a step toward boosting military strength to cover and enhance military presence in South China Sea. The recent announcement of US navy to set up a “Freedom of Navigation Mission” in the international area of South China Sea. But China is aiming to deter US forces alarming further spoilage of relations. Sources claimed that China has deployed a radar system and 8missile launches at Woody Island which is administered by China. China’s cold conflict with japan is also expected to lead to the deployment of weapons by China in the disputed area in East China Sea between China and japan. Amid tensions and previous attempts by North Korea (hydrogen bomb news and ballistic missile test), US may deploy its THAAD anti-missile system in the area.

Why should India worry?

Being a close neighbour of China and also a competitor in economy and defence, India must think parallel over its military preparedness. Their military is larger in count and their defence budget is 3 times as that of India’s defence budget. China’s involvement in string of pearls, India – China’s issue of Karakorum highway and border crossing in Daulat Beg Oldi, etc. shows mismatch of thoughts. While it’s keen involvement with Pakistan in providing weapons has left India alone between his two rivals.

Conclusion – Defence expenditure has become the biggest need of national budget these days for big nations. Defence and security are an essential part of a developing economy. India is surrounded by small friends and big enemies. This fact specifies the need of militarisation. To make a counter effect of China’s defence preparedness, India needs to hike its military expenditure and focus on boosting the security services.

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You are safe in the JNU because of the Indian Army: Delhi HC tells Kanhaiya Kumar

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March 4, 2016

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You are safe in the JNU because of the Indian army Delhi HC tells Kanhaiya Kumar

The Delhi High Court which granted conditional bail of six months to JNU student leader,Kanhaiya Kumar yesterday (JNU row: Kanahaiya Kumar gets 6 months interim bail) had plenty of observations in an order that ran into around 27 pages.

The remarks or observations made by Justice Prathibha Rani who heard the bail plea are extremely interesting in nature. Observations such as, ‘ you can sit in the comfort of JNU because there are soldiers defending the country in tough conditions are part of this order.

A lesson on Patriotism:

‘Our forces are protecting our frontiers in the most difficult terrain in the world i.e. Siachen Glacier or Rann of Kutch.’

Even the oxygen is so scarce (there) that those who are shouting anti-national slogans holding posters of Afzal Guru and Maqbool Bhatt close to their chest honoring their martyrdom, may not be even able to withstand those conditions for an hour…’

The kind of slogans raised may have demoralizing effect on the family of those martyrs who returned home in coffin draped in Tricolour.

Such persons enjoyed the freedom to raise anti-India slogans in the comfort of JNU Campus without realising that they were in this safe environment because ‘our forces were there at the battle field situated at the highest altitude of the world.

You are enjoying this freedom only because our borders are guarded by our armed and paramilitary forces.’

On Fundamental rights:

You (Kanhaiya) may have any political affiliation or ideology. You have every right to pursue that but it can be only within the framework of our Constitution.

India is a living example of unity in diversity. Freedom of expression enjoyed by every citizen can be subjected to reasonable restrictions under Article 19(2) of our Constitution.

The feelings or the protest reflected in the slogans needs introspection by the student community whose photographs are available on record holding posters carrying photographs of Afzal Guru and Maqbool Bhatt.

Freedom of speech guaranteed to the citizens of this country under the Constitution of India has enough room for every citizen to follow his own ideology or political affiliation within the framework of our Constitution.

Source: www.oneindia.com

9 Facts That Will Make You Proud Of Indian Armed Forces

By

Ravinder Tanwar

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March 4, 2016

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Indian armed forces are the last hope of the nation and simultaneously acts as the shield of India. Indian armed forces have made India proud on various platforms and situation. All SSB aspirants are required to know these facts that make rarely handled by any military in the world and makes it different from other militaries.

Siachen glacier – World’s highest battlefield in the world is operated, maintained and secured by Indian army. Despite the casualties (more by natural causes rather than military causes), Indian army still continues to serve in the harsh conditions of that area.
Bailey Highest Bridge in Kashmir – Indian army, not only had its name in the field of battle, but also in making some of the structure that earlier seemed impossible. The Bailey bridge is a 30 meter bridge between Dras River and Suru River. The area is 5,600 meters above the sea level.
Constructed CMG foot overbridge in 4 days – When India’s honour was on the step, Indian army raised the flag. In 2010, when CWG was a few days to begin, the foot over bridge made by a company for 5 cr., collapsed. The task was then diverted to the Indian army, which completed the bridge in 4 days utilizing a fraction of the cost.
Biggest voluntary army in the world – Indian army is world’s largest standing volunteer army in the world, with a strength of 11 lakh active personals and 9.8 lakh reserve troops. Records reveal that India has the 2^nd largest army of the world.
Best in high altitude, mountain and jungle warfare – Indian army, being one of the largest armies, is also named as best in high altitude warfare and mountain warfare. Along with this, Indian soldiers are also expert in jungle warfare.
India’s cavalry – Indian owns horse cavalry. It is one of the three cavalries, which are present in the world.
Operation Rahat 2013 –biggest civilian rescue operation in the world – Operation Rahat, the operation launched by Indian armed forces to rescue people in Uttarakhand challenged by a sudden flood. The operation was the biggest civilian rescue operation conducted by any air force in the world using helicopters. The operation airlifted thousands of civilians and about 4 lakh kgs of relief material.
Battle of Laungewala, biggest example of determination – The battle of Longewala, 1971, framed the history and wrote a lesson for the next generation. The battle of Longewala is known for the determination and courage of 120 Indian soldiers, who deterred 2000 Pakistani soldier with tanks, on the cost of their life.
Highest share in peacekeeping missions in the world – India was honoured for its contribution to US peacekeeping. India contributed about 1, 80,000 troops in UN missions, the largest contribution from any country.

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Indian armed forces play crucial role in averting insurgency, protecting national integrity and even performing civil rescue operations in case of natural calamities. Every soldier is special and essential for maintaining peace in every corner of the nation. So be proud of your Armed Forces.

JAI HIND

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Indian Army Structure, Role, Training Centres, Commission and Ranks

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Ravinder Tanwar

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March 4, 2016

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The Indian Army is the land-based branch of the Indian Armed Forces. It is one of the largest standing armies in the world and is responsible for the country’s territorial integrity, national security, and defense.

Indian Army Structure

The Indian Army is organized into several commands, formations, and units, which are briefly described below:

Table of Contents

Commands: The Indian Army is divided into seven commands, each responsible for a specific geographic area in the country. These are:

Northern Command
Eastern Command
Western Command
Southern Command
Central Command
Army Training Command
South Western Command

Formations: The Indian Army has several formations that are responsible for specific tasks. These include:

Corps: The army is divided into several corps, each consisting of two or more divisions. There are 14 corps in the Indian Army.
Division: A division consists of several brigades and is responsible for a specific geographic area.
Brigade: A brigade consists of several battalions and is responsible for a specific tactical task.

Units: The Indian Army has several units, each with a specific role to play. These include:

Infantry: The infantry is the backbone of the Indian Army and is responsible for ground combat.
Armored: Armored units consist of tanks and other vehicles and are responsible for armored warfare.
Artillery: Artillery units provide indirect fire support to ground troops.
Engineers: Engineer units are responsible for building and maintaining infrastructure and providing mobility support to ground troops.
Signals: Signal units provide communication support to ground troops.

Indian army ranks and insignia

The Indian Army has a hierarchical rank structure with officers, junior commissioned officers (JCOs), and other ranks. The ranks and insignia of the Indian Army are as follows:

Officers:

Field Marshal (Honorary rank)
General
Lieutenant General
Major General
Brigadier
Colonel
Lieutenant Colonel
Major
Captain
Lieutenant

Junior Commissioned Officers (JCOs):

Subedar Major
Subedar
Naib Subedar

Other Ranks:

Havildar
Naik
Lance Naik
Sepoy

The rank insignia of the Indian Army varies depending on the rank and the type of uniform being worn. However, some general features of the Indian Army rank insignia are:

Officers wear stars on their shoulder boards, whereas JCOs wear chevrons on their forearm.
The number of stars or chevrons indicates the rank of the person.
The color of the background of the rank insignia also varies depending on the type of uniform being worn. For example, the rank insignia on the olive green uniform has a light brown background, whereas on the ceremonial uniform, it has a gold background.

Overall, the rank structure and insignia of the Indian Army are designed to signify the authority, responsibility, and hierarchy of the force.

Indian Army Training Centre

The Indian Army has several training centres and academies that provide training to its personnel. These training centres are responsible for providing basic and advanced training to soldiers, officers, and other ranks. Some of the major Indian Army training centres are:

Indian Military Academy (IMA), Dehradun: This is the premier training institution for officers in the Indian Army. The IMA trains officer cadets for the Indian Army through a 4-year course called the Indian Military Academy Course.
Officers Training Academy (OTA), Chennai: The OTA provides training to short service commission (SSC) officers and women officers who are selected through the SSC entry scheme. The OTA offers a 49-week training course.
National Defence Academy (NDA), Pune: The NDA is a joint services academy that trains cadets for the Indian Army, Indian Air Force, and Indian Navy. Cadets are selected through the National Defence Academy Entrance Examination and are trained for 3 years.
Infantry School, Mhow: The Infantry School is responsible for providing training to infantry soldiers and officers. It offers a variety of courses ranging from basic training to specialized courses like mountain warfare, desert warfare, and counter-insurgency operations.
Armoured Corps Centre and School, Ahmednagar: This centre provides training to armoured corps soldiers and officers. It offers courses in tank warfare, armoured vehicle maintenance, and armoured operations.
School of Artillery, Deolali: The School of Artillery provides training to artillery soldiers and officers. It offers courses in gunnery, rocketry, and missile systems.
Army War College, Mhow: The Army War College is responsible for providing advanced training to senior officers in the Indian Army. It offers courses in military strategy, joint warfare, and national security.

These training centres are critical to maintaining the combat readiness and effectiveness of the Indian Army. They provide soldiers and officers with the skills and knowledge necessary to operate in a variety of combat environments and situations.

Indian Army Types of Commission

In the Indian Army, there are two types of commissions – Permanent Commission (PC) and Short Service Commission (SSC). The difference between these two types of commissions is as follows:

Permanent Commission (PC): A Permanent Commission in the Indian Army is a career option that allows officers to serve until they retire. Officers who are commissioned through the National Defence Academy (NDA), Indian Military Academy (IMA), Officers Training Academy (OTA), or other Direct Entry (DE) schemes are eligible for a Permanent Commission. This commission is granted after successful completion of the training and is valid until the officer reaches the age of retirement.
Short Service Commission (SSC): The Short Service Commission is a temporary commission that allows officers to serve in the Indian Army for a fixed period of time, usually 10 to 14 years. The SSC is open to both men and women and can be obtained through various entry schemes like NCC Special Entry, Judge Advocate General (JAG) Entry, Technical Entry Scheme, etc. After the end of the initial period of service, officers can choose to extend their service or leave the Army.

The benefits and terms of service differ between the two types of commissions. Officers with a Permanent Commission are eligible for a pension after retirement, while those with an SSC are not. Additionally, Permanent Commission officers can rise to higher ranks in the Army, while SSC officers may not have the same opportunities for career progression. However, SSC officers can choose to leave the Army after their term of service and pursue other career options.

Overall, both types of commissions offer unique opportunities and challenges, and individuals interested in serving in the Indian Army can choose the commission that best suits their career aspirations and personal goals.

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India’s First Nuke Submarine Ready For Induction – INS Arihant

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SSBCrackExams

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March 4, 2016

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Hello, Warriors. Having passed deep sea drilling and launch tests, India’s first nuclear-armed submarine, INS Arihant, is now ready for complete operations. The deep sea and launch tests had been going on for the last five months and the submarine is now ready for its induction into the Indian naval fleet.

Here is all you need to know about INS Arihant and this development:

India’s first of five nuclear-armed submarines is now ready for full-fledged operations, having passed several deep sea diving drills as well as weapon launch tests over the past five months off Visakhapatnam port.
INS Arihant was accompanied by the Russian rescue ship Epron which is a Prut class submarine rescue vessel – a vital requirement during weapon firing tests which India lacks.
INS Arihant will become India’s first nuclear submarine of its own production.
It is a 6,000-tonne nuclear powered submarine and is 112 metre long.
It will be armed with 12 short range K-15 missiles or four K-4 ballistic missiles with a range of over 700 kilometres and 3,500 kilometres respectively.
Once inducted, the submarine will complete the country’s nuclear triad, giving it the capability to respond to nuclear strikes from sea, land and air-based systems.
The submarine’s design is based on the Russian Akula-1 class submarines and its 83 MW pressurised water reactor has been built with significant Russian assistance.
Nuclear submarines have the capability to stay out at sea longer, and don’t need to surface for a long duration.
Conventional diesel-electric submarines have to come up to the surface at regular intervals for charging their batteries.
It is powered by 83 MW pressurised light water reactor built with Russia’s help. This reactor generates tremendous heat, driving a steam turbine.
Presently, Indian Navy operates the INS Chakra, a nuclear-powered submarine which is leased for 10 years from Russia in 2012.

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At present, work is already in progress on two more Arihant class submarines at the Ship Building Center (SBC) in Vishakhapatnam which will be larger and more advanced than the first boat. The navy is also accelerating work on INS Varsha – a new strategic naval base with underground pens on the Eastern Coast near Kakinada – where the nuclear assets would be based.

The plan is to build at least six nuclear-powered attack submarines in India, with financial sanction given last year for the project that could cost upwards of Rs 90,000 crore.

Indian Army Structure

Indian army ranks and insignia

Indian Army Training Centre

Indian Army Types of Commission

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