The Department of Operations Research & System Analysis (ORSA) from the College of Defence Management (CDM), Integrated Defence Staff (IDS) successfully conducted a two-week Management Development Program (MDP) for mid and senior-level officers from the Indian Army, Navy, and Air Force.
Empowering Future Military Leaders
The program aimed to equip future military leaders with advanced decision-making skills and a comprehensive understanding of Systems Thinking to address complex operational challenges. Participants were exposed to:
Key concepts of Systems Thinking, enhancing their ability to view military operations from a holistic, multi-dimensional perspective.
Operations Research (OR) frameworks to tackle real-world military problems using quantitative analysis and structured methodologies.
Techniques for improving strategic decision-making under varying conditions of certainty, risk, and uncertainty.
Focus Areas of the Program
Decision-Making Models for operational and strategic military environments.
Risk Assessment and Management in dynamic combat scenarios.
Resource Optimization for effective force deployment and logistics.
Simulation and Predictive Analysis to support mission planning.
Enhancing Joint Operational Capabilities
The MDP also promoted jointness among the Tri-Services, fostering an environment of collaborative learning and cross-service interaction. The exposure to advanced analytical tools and problem-solving techniques prepares officers to:
Lead effectively in multi-domain operations.
Make data-driven decisions in high-pressure situations.
Adapt to complex and rapidly evolving battlefield scenarios.
The successful completion of this MDP reflects CDM IDS’s commitment to developing future-ready military leaders capable of navigating the challenges of modern warfare with strategic insight, analytical acumen, and operational excellence.
(U.S. Air Force photo by Tech. Sgt. Nicolas Myers)
The F-35 Fighter Jet, officially known as the F-35 Lightning II, stands as a testament to modern military aviation. Its advanced technology and capabilities have made it a vital asset for air forces around the globe. This article delves into five key reasons that underscore the F-35’s status as an unmatched force in the skies.
In contemporary warfare, the ability to evade detection is paramount. As adversaries develop increasingly sophisticated radar and missile systems, the need for stealth technology becomes critical. The F-35 was meticulously engineered with a low radar cross-section and features that minimize its visibility to enemy sensors.
1.2 Advanced Design Features
The F-35’s design incorporates stealthy shapes and materials that absorb radar waves. This allows the aircraft to operate in hostile environments with reduced risk of detection. The stealth technology enables the F-35 to penetrate enemy airspace while remaining undetected, a crucial advantage in modern combat scenarios.
1.3 Operational Effectiveness
The stealth capabilities of the F-35 are not merely theoretical; they translate into real-world effectiveness. During various exercises and operations, the F-35 has demonstrated its ability to conduct missions in contested airspace without being targeted. This operational success underscores the aircraft’s role as a game-changer in aerial warfare.
An F-35A Lightning II assigned to the 354th Fighter Wing (FW) takes off during an Agile Combat Employment exercise on Eielson Air Force Base, Alaska, July 13, 2021. Agile Combat Employment exercises ensure the 354th FW is able to deploy, disperse and maneuver combat capability to create dilemmas for near-peer adversaries. (U.S. Air Force photo by Airman 1st Class Jose Miguel T. Tamondong)
2. Versatility Across Multiple Roles
2.1 Multi-Role Capabilities
One of the standout features of the F-35 is its versatility. Unlike traditional fighter jets that are often designed for specific roles, the F-35 can perform a wide range of missions, including air-to-air combat, ground attack, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR). This multi-role capability makes it an invaluable asset in various combat scenarios.
2.2 Variants for Different Services
The F-35 comes in three distinct variants: the F-35A for the Air Force, the F-35B for the Marine Corps, and the F-35C for the Navy. Each variant is tailored to meet the specific operational needs of its respective service. The F-35B, for instance, is equipped with short takeoff and vertical landing (STOVL) capabilities, allowing it to operate from smaller bases and aircraft carriers.
2.3 Integration with Existing Forces
The F-35 is designed to integrate seamlessly with other military assets, enhancing its operational flexibility. Its ability to share data with other platforms in real-time allows for coordinated strikes and improved situational awareness. This integration capability ensures that the F-35 can operate effectively within joint and coalition forces.
An F-35A Lightning II and two F-16 Fighting Falcons, assigned to the 354th Fighter Wing from Eielson Air Force Base, Alaska, flies above the Joint Pacific Alaska Range Complex, July 28, 2021. The F-35As participated in air refueling with the Alaska Air National Guard’s 168th Wing’s KC-135R Stratotanker. (U.S. Air Force photo by Staff Sgt. Kaylee Dubois)
3. Superior Range and Speed
3.1 Impressive Performance Metrics
The F-35 is powered by cutting-edge engines that provide exceptional thrust and speed. With a maximum speed exceeding Mach 1.6 and a combat radius of over 600 nautical miles, the F-35 can swiftly engage targets and return to base without the need for refueling, enhancing its operational reach.
3.2 Strategic Advantage
The aircraft’s range allows it to conduct long-range missions without compromising its stealth. This capability is especially crucial in scenarios where ground-based defenses are formidable. The F-35 can strike from a distance, reducing exposure to enemy fire while maximizing the element of surprise.
3.3 Fuel Efficiency
In addition to its impressive performance, the F-35’s design incorporates fuel-efficient technologies. This not only extends its operational range but also reduces logistical burdens on support units. The ability to operate longer without refueling allows for more flexible mission planning and execution.
U.S. Air Force F-35A Lightning II Joint Strike Fighters from the 58th Fighter Squadron, 33rd Fighter Wing, Eglin AFB, Fla. perform an aerial refueling mission with a KC-135 Stratotanker from the 336th Air Refueling Squadron from March ARB, Calif., May 14, 2013 off the coast of Northwest Florida. The 33rd Fighter Wing is a joint graduate flying and maintenance training wing that trains Air Force, Marine, Navy and international partner operators and maintainers of the F-35 Lightning II. (U.S. Air Force photo by Master Sgt. Donald R. Allen/Released)
4. Advanced Electronic Warfare and Avionics
4.1 Cutting-Edge Technology
The F-35 is equipped with state-of-the-art avionics and electronic warfare systems that provide pilots with unparalleled situational awareness. Its sensors and radar systems can detect and track multiple targets simultaneously, allowing for effective engagement in complex environments.
4.2 The Distributed Aperture System
One of the standout features of the F-35’s avionics suite is the Distributed Aperture System (DAS). This system provides pilots with a 360-degree view of the battlefield, enhancing their ability to identify threats and make informed decisions. The DAS feeds real-time data to the pilot’s helmet-mounted display, allowing for seamless integration of information.
4.3 Electronic Warfare Capabilities
In addition to its offensive capabilities, the F-35 is equipped with advanced electronic warfare systems that can jam enemy radar and communications. This ability to disrupt adversary systems adds another layer of protection for the aircraft and its mission, making it a formidable opponent in electronic warfare scenarios.
5. Continuous Evolution and Adaptability
5.1 Ongoing Upgrades
The F-35 program is designed for continuous improvement. With a robust upgrade path, the aircraft can integrate new technologies and capabilities as they become available. This adaptability ensures that the F-35 remains relevant in the face of rapidly evolving threats.
5.2 Data-Driven Enhancements
The F-35’s ability to collect and analyze data during missions provides valuable insights for future upgrades. This data-driven approach allows for informed decision-making regarding enhancements and modifications, ensuring that the aircraft remains at the forefront of military aviation technology.
5.3 Global Collaboration
The F-35 program is a collaborative effort involving multiple nations. This global partnership not only enhances the aircraft’s capabilities but also fosters interoperability among allied forces. As new technologies are developed, they can be shared and integrated across the F-35 fleet, further solidifying its status as a leading fighter jet.
Conclusion
The F-35 Fighter Jet stands as a symbol of modern military innovation. Its unmatched stealth, versatility, speed, advanced electronic systems, and continuous evolution make it an unstoppable force in the sky. As geopolitical tensions rise and the nature of warfare evolves, the F-35’s significance will only continue to grow, ensuring that it remains a cornerstone of air power for years to come.
FAQs
What makes the F-35 different from other fighter jets?
The F-35’s unique combination of stealth, versatility, and advanced technology sets it apart from traditional fighter jets. Its ability to perform multiple roles and integrate with other military assets enhances its operational effectiveness.
How many countries operate the F-35?
As of now, 20 nations have incorporated the F-35 into their air forces, highlighting its global significance and acceptance among allied nations.
What are the three variants of the F-35?
The F-35 is available in three variants: the F-35A for the Air Force, the F-35B for the Marine Corps, and the F-35C for the Navy, each designed for specific operational requirements.
How does the F-35 enhance situational awareness for pilots?
The F-35’s advanced avionics, including the Distributed Aperture System, provide pilots with a comprehensive view of the battlefield, allowing them to detect and engage threats effectively.
What is the future of the F-35 program?
The F-35 program is designed for continuous upgrades and improvements, ensuring that the aircraft remains at the forefront of military technology and can adapt to emerging threats.
Air Marshal MS Sridhar, Deputy Chief of Integrated Defence Staff (Medical), visited the Eastern Naval Command (ENC), where he met with Vice Admiral Rajesh Pendharkar, Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Eastern Naval Command.
The high-level interaction focused on matters of mutual interest, particularly concerning strategic medical facilities within the Command, aimed at enhancing tri-service medical coordination and operational medical readiness.
Strengthening Medical Preparedness and Jointness
During the meeting, both senior officers engaged in discussions centered around:
Strategic medical infrastructure development to support joint operations.
Medical readiness for responding to combat and non-combat emergencies, including radiation emergencies and mass casualty scenarios.
Enhancing interoperability of medical services across the Indian Army, Navy, and Air Force under the framework of Integrated Defence Staff (IDS).
Live Radiation Emergency Casualty Evacuation Drill at INHS Kalyani
A key highlight of the visit was the live radiation emergency casualty evacuation drill conducted at INHS Kalyani, showcasing the Navy’s capability to:
Rapidly respond to radiation hazards during both peacetime operations and combat situations.
Implement standardized medical protocols for radiation exposure management, casualty evacuation, and decontamination procedures.
Demonstrate seamless coordination between medical teams, emergency responders, and naval operational units.
Tour of Naval Units at Visakhapatnam
Air Marshal Sridhar also visited several key naval establishments in Visakhapatnam, gaining first-hand insights into:
The unique roles and responsibilities of various naval units under ENC.
Ongoing operational activities that support both maritime security and humanitarian missions.
The integrated approach to medical support, especially in high-risk maritime environments.
Commitment to Joint Medical Excellence
The visit underscored the Indian Armed Forces’ commitment to maintaining robust medical preparedness in line with evolving operational requirements. It highlighted the importance of joint medical exercises, strategic infrastructure development, and knowledge sharing to strengthen India’s tri-service medical capabilities.
The Maroon Beret is not just a piece of headgear; it is a prestigious symbol representing the rigorous training, exceptional skills, and unwavering commitment of paratroopers in the Indian Army’s Parachute Regiment. Earning this beret is a significant achievement that requires immense physical and mental fortitude.
In this article, we will delve into the various aspects that make the Maroon Beret so special, exploring the demanding training, the values it embodies, and the pride associated with it.
To don the Maroon Beret, soldiers must first navigate a challenging selection process. This phase is designed to filter out candidates who do not possess the necessary physical and mental attributes. The selection involves a series of tests that assess endurance, strength, and psychological resilience. Only those who meet these rigorous standards are allowed to proceed to the next phase of training.
Physical Endurance Tests: Candidates undergo extensive physical challenges, including long-distance runs, obstacle courses, and endurance marches.
Mental Fortitude Assessments: Psychological evaluations ensure that candidates can handle the stress and pressure of combat situations.
Intensive Training Regimen
Once selected, soldiers embark on an intense training program that is among the toughest in the world. This training is not merely about physical fitness; it encompasses a wide range of skills essential for paratroopers.
Airborne Operations: Trainees learn the intricacies of parachuting from various altitudes, mastering the skills needed for safe landings and rapid deployment.
Combat Skills: The training includes close combat techniques, weapon handling, and tactical maneuvers essential for special operations.
The Final Test: Parachute Jumps
One of the most daunting aspects of the training is the requirement to complete multiple parachute jumps. These jumps are critical for developing the confidence and skills necessary for airborne operations. The training includes:
Static Line Jumps: Initial jumps where the parachute deploys automatically as the soldier exits the aircraft.
Freefall Jumps: Advanced jumps that require more skill and control, allowing soldiers to experience freefall before deploying their parachutes.
Values Embodied by the Maroon Beret
Brotherhood and Camaraderie
The Maroon Beret symbolizes much more than individual achievement; it represents a deep sense of brotherhood among those who wear it. Soldiers in the Parachute Regiment form strong bonds through shared experiences during training and operations. This camaraderie fosters teamwork and mutual support, essential for success in high-stakes situations.
Shared Experiences: The challenges faced during training create lasting friendships and a sense of belonging among soldiers.
Teamwork: Success in operations often relies on the ability to work seamlessly with fellow soldiers, reinforcing the importance of teamwork.
Parachute Regiment Beret
Discipline and Resilience
Earning the Maroon Beret demands exceptional discipline and resilience. Soldiers are trained to push their limits, both physically and mentally, instilling a strong sense of self-reliance and determination.
Mental Toughness: The training emphasizes the importance of maintaining composure under pressure, a critical skill for paratroopers.
Physical Discipline: Soldiers learn to maintain peak physical condition through rigorous training and adherence to strict fitness regimens.
The Legacy of the Maroon Beret
Historical Significance
The Maroon Beret has a rich history within the Indian Army, dating back to the establishment of the Parachute Regiment in 1945. It has been worn by many brave soldiers who have served the nation with valor and dedication.
Historical Operations: The Parachute Regiment has been involved in numerous significant operations, both in India and abroad, showcasing the capabilities of its soldiers.
Cultural Impact: The Maroon Beret has become a symbol of pride not just for the soldiers but for the entire nation, representing courage and commitment.
A Symbol of Excellence
The Maroon Beret is highly regarded within the Indian Army and among military circles globally. It signifies a level of excellence that few can attain. Soldiers who earn this beret are seen as elite warriors, capable of handling the most challenging missions.
Respect Among Peers: Wearing the Maroon Beret commands respect from fellow soldiers and military personnel, highlighting the rigorous journey undertaken to achieve this honor.
Inspiration for Future Generations: The legacy of the Maroon Beret inspires aspiring soldiers, motivating them to pursue excellence in their military careers.
Garud Commandos of Indian Air Force
The Psychological Impact of the Maroon Beret
Confidence Boost
For many soldiers, earning the Maroon Beret is a significant confidence booster. The rigorous training and successful completion of demanding tasks instill a sense of accomplishment and self-belief.
Overcoming Challenges: Completing the training process helps soldiers realize their potential and develop a strong belief in their capabilities.
Enhanced Decision-Making: The training equips soldiers with critical thinking skills, enabling them to make quick and effective decisions in high-pressure environments.
Sense of Purpose
Wearing the Maroon Beret provides soldiers with a profound sense of purpose. It serves as a constant reminder of their commitment to serve the nation and protect its sovereignty.
Patriotism: The beret symbolizes dedication to the country, instilling a strong sense of pride and responsibility among its wearers.
Motivation for Excellence: Soldiers are motivated to uphold the values associated with the Maroon Beret, striving for excellence in all aspects of their service.
Garud Commandos of Indian Air Force
The Role of the Maroon Beret in Special Operations
Versatility in Operations
The Maroon Beret signifies the versatility of the Parachute Regiment, which is capable of executing a wide range of operations. This adaptability is crucial in modern warfare, where missions can vary significantly.
Airborne Assaults: Paratroopers are trained for rapid deployment in combat situations, allowing them to engage the enemy swiftly and effectively.
Special Reconnaissance: Soldiers equipped with the Maroon Beret often undertake reconnaissance missions, gathering intelligence in hostile territories.
Leadership and Initiative
The Parachute Regiment emphasizes leadership qualities among its soldiers. Those who earn the Maroon Beret are expected to take initiative and lead by example in challenging situations.
Leadership Training: Soldiers undergo leadership training that prepares them to guide their peers and make strategic decisions in the field.
Responsibility: Wearing the Maroon Beret comes with the responsibility of upholding the values and standards of the Parachute Regiment.
The Maroon Beret is much more than a piece of military attire; it embodies the spirit of excellence, resilience, and commitment that defines the Indian Army’s Parachute Regiment. The journey to earning this beret is fraught with challenges, but the rewards—brotherhood, discipline, and a profound sense of purpose—make it all worthwhile. As we reflect on the significance of the Maroon Beret, we recognize that it represents not only the individual achievements of paratroopers but also the collective pride of a nation dedicated to safeguarding its sovereignty.
FAQs
Q1: What is the significance of the Maroon Beret in the Indian Army?
The Maroon Beret symbolizes the rigorous training and elite status of paratroopers in the Indian Army’s Parachute Regiment, representing excellence, resilience, and commitment.
Q2: How difficult is the training to earn the Maroon Beret?
The training is extremely challenging, requiring exceptional physical fitness, mental toughness, and the ability to work effectively in a team.
Q3: What types of operations do soldiers with the Maroon Beret typically engage in?
Soldiers in the Parachute Regiment engage in a variety of operations, including airborne assaults, special reconnaissance, and deep penetration missions.
Q4: What values does the Maroon Beret embody?
The Maroon Beret embodies values such as brotherhood, discipline, resilience, and a sense of purpose among soldiers.
Q5: How does earning the Maroon Beret impact a soldier’s confidence?
Earning the Maroon Beret significantly boosts a soldier’s confidence, instilling a sense of accomplishment and belief in their capabilities.
The United States, Russia, and China are the only nations operating fifth-generation stealth fighter jets today. India has plans to develop its Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA). The first prototype will not be ready until the mid-2030s. Chinese forces will likely have deployed about 1,000 J-20 Mighty Dragons by then, creating a substantial air power imbalance across the region.
India’s air defence strategy faces a vital decision between Russia’s Su-57 and America’s F-35. The Su-57 delivers remarkable capabilities with Mach 2 speed and compatibility with hypersonic missiles. The F-35 stands out with proven reliability from over 1,000 units operating worldwide and enhanced stealth features. This piece examines both fighters’ capabilities, their potential fit with the Indian Air Force, and their strategic advantages to determine which aircraft aligns better with India’s defence requirements.
The Su-57 and F-35 fighter jets showcase different design philosophies and capabilities through their technical specifications. The Su-57’s twin-engine design stretches 65 feet 11 inches with a 46-foot 3-inch wingspan. The F-35 comes in a more compact single-engine package at 51 feet 4 inches long with a 35-foot wingspan.
Speed and Maneuverability Comparison
The Su-57 reaches an impressive top speed of Mach 2 (2,450 km/h). The F-35’s maximum velocity hits Mach 1.6, which makes it slower than its Russian counterpart. Thrust vectoring technology gives the Su-57 remarkable maneuverability that allows complex aerial maneuvers. Both aircraft can supercruise, though the Su-57 maintains Mach 1.3 without using afterburners.
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Combat Range and Payload Capacity
The Su-57’s combat range extends to 3,107 miles, which substantially exceeds the F-35’s 1,379-mile reach. The Russian fighter’s maximum takeoff weight reaches 77,162 pounds, while the F-35 tops out at 65,918 pounds. The Su-57’s design includes two main weapon bays between its engine nacelles that work together with smaller side bays near the wing root.
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Engine Performance Analysis
Here’s how the engines compare:
Specification
Su-57
F-35
Engine Type
Two Saturn AL-41F1
Single Pratt & Whitney F135
Dry Thrust
88.3 kN
Superior thrust rating
Afterburner Thrust
142.2 kN
Enhanced fuel efficiency
Emergency Power
147.1 kN
Not specified
The Su-57 uses dual NPO Saturn AL-41F1 engines that generate substantial thrust across different operating modes. The F-35’s single Pratt & Whitney F135 engine offers better fuel efficiency despite its newer design. Western analysts point out that both the F-22 and F-35 feature more advanced engine technology than the Su-57, which still relies on engines from the Su-35S platform.
Stealth and Combat Capabilities
Stealth capabilities are the life-blood of fifth-generation fighter aircraft design. The F-35 and Su-57 show distinctly different approaches to radar evasion and electronic warfare.
Radar Cross Section Measurements
The F-35 shows superior stealth characteristics with a radar cross-section (RCS) better than -40 dBsm. This makes the F-35 as stealthy as a small bird or bumblebee in practical terms. The Su-57 achieves an RCS between 0.1 to 1 square meters, which makes it detectable at substantially greater distances.
These numbers translate directly to detection ranges against an S-400’s 91N6E Search radar:
The Su-57 becomes detectable at 155 kilometers
The F-35 remains hidden until approximately 27 kilometers
The Su-57’s higher RCS comes from specific design elements. The absence of S-ducts and exposed rivets and screws increase radar reflectivity. The engines lack adequate protection from radar waves, which gives the aircraft a frontal RCS comparable to a refrigerator.
Su57 and F35 faceoff at Aero India 2025
Electronic Warfare Systems
The F-35 excels in electronic warfare through its sophisticated sensor fusion capabilities. It creates an integrated battlefield image using its 360-degree Distributed Aperture System. The aircraft’s central computer system controls all operations and enables precise targeting with improved situational awareness.
The Su-57 responds with its L402 Himalayas jamming system and N036 Belka AESA radar. Its electronic warfare suite has:
Feature
Application
Radar Arrays
Deflected from vertical plane
Array Domes
Selective signal filtering
Antenna System
Integrated within airframe
IRST Turret
Radar-absorbing coating
The F-35’s advanced computing architecture allows quick integration of new technologies without major infrastructure changes. This provides superior long-term adaptability for emerging threats. The Su-57, despite its advanced features, has limitations in bandwidth and datalink capabilities that affect its overall electronic warfare effectiveness.
Integration with Indian Air Force
The Indian Air Force currently has 31 fighter squadrons instead of its authorized 42. This gap creates real challenges when choosing between F-35 or Su-57 fighters for India’s mixed air fleet.
Compatibility with Existing Aircraft
The F-35 comes with major integration hurdles because of its NATO-based systems. The IAF uses a combination of Russian, French, and locally-made aircraft that don’t work with NATO systems. This mismatch limits how well the F-35 can share data during operations. The Su-57 makes more sense for integration since India already flies over 250 Su-30MKIs. Hindustan Aeronautics Limited’s experience in building Russian fighters under license would help with maintenance and operations.
Training Requirements and Timeline
Both platforms need different training approaches. F-35 pilots must learn NATO-standard operations and complex data systems from scratch. The Su-57’s controls and systems feel familiar to pilots who fly Russian aircraft in the IAF fleet. This similarity would speed up training. Ground crews would also take less time to adapt to the Russian fighter.
Maintenance Infrastructure Needs
Each aircraft brings its own maintenance challenges:
Aspect
F-35
Su-57
Infrastructure
Requires new NATO-standard facilities
Compatible with existing Russian aircraft facilities
Technology Support
Dependent on US systems
Potential for local manufacturing
Maintenance Ecosystem
New supply chain needed
Integration with current infrastructure possible
The Su-57 program lets India manufacture parts locally and gain more technology access. HAL’s long history with Russian platforms provides solid maintenance foundations. The F-35 needs new infrastructure investments and special maintenance protocols that match American standards.
Strategic Partnership Benefits
Russia’s proposal for the Su-57 goes way beyond just selling aircraft. The United Aircraft Corporation (UAC) has suggested several ways to work together that match India’s defence modernization goals.
Technology Transfer Opportunities
Russia will transfer the complete package of technological solutions for the Su-57. We developed a two-seat variant specifically for Indian needs. Russia provides extensive training programs, which became clear when Indian engineers completed 20 specialized training courses under the previous preliminary design contract.
The technology transfer package has:
Rights to manufacture key components locally
Development of Indian-specific variants
Integration of indigenous weapons systems
Access to critical aviation technologies
Local Manufacturing Potential
The manufacturing partnership brings significant economic benefits through several approaches. Rosoboronexport has outlined a detailed plan that has:
Benefit
Implementation Strategy
Joint Production
Organization of manufacturing facilities in India
Cost Sharing
Distribution of production expenses among partner countries
Export Opportunities
Potential to export jointly manufactured aircraft
Infrastructure Development
Integration with existing defence manufacturing facilities
This partnership model matches India’s “Make in India” initiative, unlike traditional procurement. India’s domestic defence industry could grow stronger through knowledge transfer and skill development. The partnership gives India a chance to improve its indigenous defence capabilities while keeping control over fighter jet production.
India can produce the two-seat Su-57 platform directly on its soil. This approach supports India’s larger goals of becoming self-reliant in defence manufacturing. The technology transfer would help India eventually produce this class of fighters on its own.
Cost and Long-term Value
Money matters a lot when countries buy fighter jets. The Su-57 and F-35 show big differences in their buying price and what it costs to keep them flying.
Purchase and Maintenance Costs
You can get a Su-57 for INR 2953.32–5484.73 million, which costs less than an F-35A at INR 6750.44 million per unit. The F-35’s special pilot helmet costs INR 33.75 million and needs maintenance checks twice a year.
Here’s what these jets cost broken down:
Cost Component
Su-57
F-35
Base Unit Cost
INR 2953.32-5484.73M
INR 6750.44M
Development Cost
INR 2531.41B
INR 168.76T (lifetime)
Per Unit Lifetime
Not specified
INR 48181.24M
These aircraft need very different maintenance setups. We used the Flanker series maintenance costs as a baseline for the Su-57. This makes it cheaper for air forces that already fly Russian planes. The F-35 needs its own special maintenance facilities and training programs, which adds to its total ownership costs.
Upgrade Pathways
The F-35 will keep flying until 2070, with clear plans for future upgrades. The US military wants to buy more than 2,400 F-35 fighters by 2044. This means the platform will keep getting better over time.
The Su-57’s upgrade plans focus on:
New Saturn 30 engines that need less maintenance
Better radar-absorbent materials that are easier to maintain
Working with partners to develop unmanned aviation
The money side goes beyond just buying the planes. The Su-57 program lets buyers pay in Indian rupees. The program ended up delivering fewer than 40 aircraft since its first flight in 2010. This raises questions about getting support and upgrades in the future.
Su-57 and F-35 each bring unique advantages that match India’s air defence needs. Su-57 shows better speed, range, and payload capacity. It reaches Mach 2 and flies up to 3,107 miles in combat. F-35 stands out with its stealth features. S-400 systems can detect Su-57 from 155 kilometers away, while F-35 remains hidden until 27 kilometers.
Russian fighter Su-57 fits India’s needs better. It works smoothly with IAF’s current setup, and India’s pilots already know how to handle Su-30MKI operations. Su-57’s detailed technology transfer deal lets India make parts locally. The jet costs between INR 2953.32–5484.73 million, which beats F-35’s price of INR 6750.44 million.
F-35 has proven its worth with over 1,000 jets flying worldwide. Yet Su-57 makes more sense because it matches India’s current aircraft fleet and maintenance setup. Russia’s offer helps India upgrade its defence and build more weapons at home.
Looking at the specs, how well it fits in, and what India gets from the deal, Su-57 makes the most sense for India’s air defence. This choice helps India match its regional rivals and builds up India’s defence industry through shared production and new technology.
FAQs
Q1. How do the Su-57 and F-35 compare in terms of performance?
The Su-57 demonstrates superior speed and range, reaching Mach 2 with a combat range of 3,107 miles. The F-35, while slower at Mach 1.6 and with a shorter range of 1,379 miles, excels in stealth capabilities.
Q2. Is India considering purchasing the Su-57?
While India suspended its participation in the FGFA project with Russia, the option to acquire the Su-57 remains open. The decision will depend on various factors including strategic needs, costs, and technology transfer opportunities.
Q3. How does the Su-57’s stealth capability compare to other fifth-generation fighters?
The Su-57’s stealth capabilities, while advanced, are not as refined as some Western counterparts. It has a radar cross-section between 0.1 to 1 square meters, making it detectable at greater distances compared to aircraft like the F-35.
Q4. What are the cost implications of choosing the Su-57 over the F-35 for India?
The Su-57 has a lower base unit cost ranging from INR 2953.32–5484.73 million, compared to the F-35’s INR 6750.44 million. Additionally, the Su-57 offers potential cost savings through compatibility with existing Russian aircraft facilities in India.
Q5. What strategic benefits does the Su-57 offer to India’s air defence?
The Su-57 provides seamless integration with India’s existing infrastructure, comprehensive technology transfer opportunities, and local manufacturing potential. These factors align with India’s defence modernization goals and support the development of indigenous defence capabilities.
Lieutenant General Manoj Kumar Katiyar, PVSM, AVSM, Army Commander, Western Command, witnessed an impressive display of Integrated Air Defence Firing conducted by the Kharga Air Defence Warriors. The exercise showcased the Indian Army’s evolving capabilities to counter modern unmanned aerial system (UAS) threats, including drones and other aerial platforms.
Demonstrating Advanced Air Defence Capabilities
The exercise highlighted:
Cutting-edge air defence systems designed to detect, track, and neutralize aerial threats with precision.
Real-time engagement drills against hostile drones, simulating modern battlefield scenarios.
Interoperability between various air defence assets, ensuring a robust, layered defense structure.
Acknowledgment of Professional Excellence
Impressed by the operational readiness and tactical proficiency of the troops, Lt Gen Katiyar lauded the professionalism, dedication, and high morale of all ranks involved in the exercise. He emphasized the importance of:
Staying vigilant against the rapidly evolving aerial threat landscape.
Continuous training and technological adaptation to meet future challenges.
Maintaining the highest standards of combat preparedness in line with the dynamic security environment.
“The Kharga Air Defence Warriors have demonstrated exceptional skill in defending against modern aerial threats. Their professionalism reflects the Indian Army’s commitment to operational excellence. We must continue to evolve and prepare for emerging challenges on the future battlefield,” remarked Lt Gen Katiyar.
Preparing for Future Threats
As unmanned aerial systems become increasingly sophisticated, exercises like this reinforce the Indian Army’s focus on:
Counter-drone operations and anti-UAS strategies.
Integration of advanced radar systems, electronic warfare capabilities, and kinetic interceptors.
Enhancing jointness with other services to secure India’s airspace and strategic assets.
The event underscored the Indian Army’s commitment to maintaining air defence superiority, ensuring that its forces are always prepared to defend the nation’s skies.
In a remarkable stride towards promoting sports excellence and athletic development, Lieutenant General Karanbir Singh Brar, General Officer Commanding (GOC), Dakshin Bharat Area, inaugurated a state-of-the-art eight-lane synthetic athletic track at the Madras Regimental Centre, Wellington.
This world-class facility reaffirms the Indian Army’s commitment to nurturing sporting talent and aligns with the vision of #MissionOlympics.
A World-Class Facility for Army Athletes
The newly inaugurated athletic track is designed to:
Enhance performance by providing a professional-grade training environment.
Elevate the fitness standards of Army athletes, preparing them for national and international competitions.
Serve as a dedicated hub for the development of future Olympians and elite sports personnel within the Indian Army.
Commitment to Sports Excellence
While inaugurating the facility, Lt Gen Karanbir Singh Brar highlighted the Indian Army’s long-standing tradition of producing world-class athletes who have represented the nation with pride. He emphasized the critical role of infrastructure, disciplined training, and dedicated support systems in shaping champions.
“This track is more than just a facility; it is a symbol of our unwavering dedication to sports excellence. It will not only support our athletes in their pursuit of glory but also inspire the next generation to strive for victory through relentless training,” said Lt Gen Brar.
Aligning with Mission Olympics
The initiative is part of the Indian Army’s broader #MissionOlympics program, which aims to:
Identify and nurture elite sporting talent within the forces.
Provide advanced coaching, scientific training methods, and global exposure.
Ensure India’s strong representation and success in global sporting events, including the Olympics, Asian Games, and Commonwealth Games.
Inspiring the Next Generation of Champions
The world-class athletic track at the Madras Regimental Centre stands as a testament to the Indian Army’s philosophy of achieving “Victory Through Training”.
It not only reflects the Army’s focus on physical excellence and mental resilience but also reinforces its role as a powerhouse of Indian sports, contributing significantly to the nation’s sporting achievements.
The commissioning ceremony of the 7th batch of Nursing Cadets from the College of Nursing, Command Hospital, Lucknow, was held with great pride and enthusiasm at the AMC Centre & College, Lucknow. A total of 40 cadets were commissioned into the Military Nursing Service (MNS) after successfully completing four years of rigorous training.
Honoring Excellence in Nursing
Lt Amritanshi Pandey emerged as the standout cadet, securing:
The ‘Best Outgoing Nursing Cadet’ Trophy
The award for ‘Best in Academics’
Her achievements reflect the dedication, academic excellence, and leadership qualities instilled during the training at the College of Nursing.
Address by Chief Guest
The commissioning parade was reviewed by Lieutenant General Mukesh Chadha, Chief of Staff, Surya Command, who also felicitated the outstanding achievers. In his inspiring address, he:
Congratulated the newly commissioned Nursing Officers for their accomplishments.
Urged them to uphold the highest standards of professionalism, service, care, and compassion as they embark on their journey in the Military Nursing Service.
Emphasized the critical role of nursing officers in the Armed Forces, particularly in combat medical support, patient care, and humanitarian missions.
A Legacy of Dedication and Service
The ceremony highlighted the unwavering commitment of the Military Nursing Service to providing exemplary healthcare support to the Indian Armed Forces. The newly commissioned officers will play a vital role in ensuring the health, well-being, and recovery of soldiers both in peace and on the battlefield.
The event marked not just the culmination of the cadets’ academic journey but also the beginning of a lifelong commitment to service, discipline, and compassion in the proud tradition of the Indian Armed Forces.
The Indian Navy’s premier operational exercise, the Theatre Level Operational Readiness Exercise (TROPEX-25), is currently underway in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR). This biennial exercise, known for its scale and strategic importance, integrates the capabilities of the Indian Navy, Indian Army, Indian Air Force (IAF), and the Indian Coast Guard (ICG), demonstrating India’s commitment to safeguarding its maritime security interests in an evolving threat environment.
Objectives of TROPEX-25
TROPEX-25 is designed to:
Validate the Indian Navy’s core warfighting skills in multi-domain operational scenarios.
Ensure a synchronized, integrated response against conventional, asymmetric, and hybrid threats.
Test combat readiness, strategic deployment, and interoperability among the three Services and the Coast Guard.
Exercise Duration and Phases
The exercise is being conducted over three months (January – March 2025) in multiple phases:
Harbour Phase – Focused on mission planning, logistics coordination, and operational briefings.
Sea Phase – Includes complex maritime operational scenarios, featuring:
Combat operations
Cyber and electronic warfare drills
Live weapon firings during the Joint Work Up Phase
Amphibious Exercise (AMPHEX), showcasing joint operations involving land and sea forces.
Scale and Scope of TROPEX-25
The exercise features an impressive array of Indian military assets:
Naval Assets:
Approximately 65 Indian Naval ships
09 submarines, including Kalvari Class
Over 80 aircraft, featuring MiG-29K, P-8I maritime patrol aircraft, Sea Guardian HALE UAVs, and MH-60R helicopters
Participation of INS Vikrant, India’s indigenous aircraft carrier, alongside Visakhapatnam and Kolkata Class destroyers
Indian Air Force Assets:
Sukhoi-30, Jaguar, C-130 transport aircraft
Flight Refuellers and AWACS (Airborne Warning and Control System) aircraft
Indian Army Participation:
An Infantry Brigade with over 600 troops, participating in amphibious and joint operational drills
Indian Coast Guard:
More than 10 ships and aircraft participating in maritime security and surveillance operations
Key Focus Areas
Coordinated planning and precise targeting
Combat effectiveness in contested environments
Joint amphibious operations
Cybersecurity and electronic warfare capabilities
Forward deployed sustenance and strategic deterrence
Strengthening Jointness and Maritime Security
TROPEX-25 reflects the Indian Armed Forces’ commitment to jointness and synergy, enhancing operational readiness to meet evolving maritime security challenges. The exercise plays a vital role in ensuring that India can project power, secure its maritime interests, and respond swiftly to threats, Anytime, Anywhere, Anyhow.
This iteration of TROPEX underscores India’s role as a responsible maritime power, capable of credible joint operations in the Indo-Pacific region and beyond.
Poonch: An Indian army soldier operates a drone for surveillance along the Line of Control (LOC) between India and Pakistan border ahead of the Independence Day, in Poonch district, Saturday, Aug. 12, 2023. PTI
In a decisive move to safeguard national security and ensure cybersecurity integrity, the Indian government has scrapped three defence contracts for the supply of 400 logistics drones to the Indian Army due to the inclusion of Chinese components. The contracts, worth over ₹230 crore, were signed under emergency procurement provisions in 2023 with a Chennai-based private company.
Drones Targeted for Deployment Along the LAC
These drones, including:
200 Medium-Altitude Drones
100 Heavy-Weight Logistics Drones
100 Light-Weight Logistics Drones
were primarily intended for deployment along the 3,488-km Line of Actual Control (LAC) with China, amid the ongoing military standoff in eastern Ladakh since April 2020.
Cybersecurity Concerns Trigger the Decision
A senior defence official highlighted the critical cybersecurity risks associated with the use of Chinese components and electronics, stating:
“Unfortunately, some Indian companies are using Chinese components in drones meant for the armed forces. This poses a major cybersecurity threat, with the potential for data breaches, operational compromise, and even hostile takeover of drone systems.”
Concerns include:
Potential backdoor vulnerabilities enabling remote control or surveillance by adversaries.
Risk of jamming or soft-kill attacks, compromising operational missions.
Data security threats, with sensitive military information at risk of exposure.
Operational Failures Raise Red Flags
The urgency of the matter was amplified after recent operational failures involving unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) along India’s borders with China and Pakistan.
In August 2024, an infantry unit in Rajouri lost control of a fixed-wing VTOL UAV, which inadvertently veered into Pakistan-occupied Jammu & Kashmir.
Although attributed to a technical glitch, the incident triggered a comprehensive review of drone security protocols.
Stringent Measures to Ensure Security Compliance
In response, the defence establishment has introduced stricter procurement protocols, including:
Rigorous technical verifications to ensure drones are free from Chinese parts and malicious codes.
Enhanced certification requirements from drone manufacturers.
Counter-checking mechanisms during procurement and operational deployment.
The Defence Ministry’s Department of Defence Production has also directed leading industry bodies like FICCI, CII, and Assocham to:
Sensitize and caution member companies against procuring Chinese components.
Promote the development of indigenous alternatives in the drone manufacturing ecosystem.
A Broader Push for Indigenous Drone Capability
This development comes amid India’s aggressive push towards self-reliance in defence technology (Aatmanirbhar Bharat), especially in the domain of unmanned systems. The Indian Armed Forces are rapidly expanding their drone capabilities, including:
Nano, mini, and micro drones for tactical operations.
Kamikaze drones and armed swarms for offensive missions.
MALE (Medium-Altitude Long-Endurance) and HALE (High-Altitude Long-Endurance) UAVs for surveillance and combat support.
Conclusion
This bold move by the government highlights its unwavering focus on national security and the growing importance of cybersecurity in modern warfare. It also serves as a stern reminder to domestic defence manufacturers to align with India’s strategic objectives, ensuring that the armed forces are equipped with secure, reliable, and indigenous technologies.
