Croatia to Acquire Leopard Tanks from Germany in Support of Ukraine

Zagreb, Croatia – Croatia has announced plans to purchase up to 50 Leopard 2A8 tanks from Germany, marking a significant step in the modernization of its military capabilities. The agreement, confirmed by the Croatian Ministry of Defense on Monday, includes a provision that entails sending older Croatian military equipment to Ukraine to support its defense against Russian aggression.

The letter of intent was signed by Croatian Defense Minister Ivan Anusic and German Defense Minister Boris Pistorius in Berlin. As part of the transaction, Croatia will provide Ukraine with 30 aging tanks, 30 combat vehicles, ammunition, and additional military equipment. Notably, the value of the supplied equipment will be deducted from the overall cost of the new Leopard tanks, enhancing the value of this arrangement.

“This purchase model not only strengthens the Croatian army but also significantly contributes to Ukraine in their fight against Russian aggression,” the Croatian defense ministry stated in an announcement. Further details regarding the agreement will be disclosed following its complete signing.

Minister Anusic emphasized the urgency of the agreement, stating, “This is one of the most important projects for the modernization of the Croatian army.” He further indicated that the implementation of the deal will proceed promptly.

In addition to the Leopard tanks, Croatia is set to acquire US-made HIMARS M142 rocket systems and drones, underscoring the nation’s commitment to bolstering its military arsenal. This follows Croatia’s recent acquisition of six Rafale fighter jets from France, part of a larger order of 12.

Since the onset of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, Croatia has actively engaged in providing military assistance to Ukraine, amounting to over €200 million (approximately $220 million).

The decision to procure advanced military hardware comes at a critical time, as countries across Europe continue to enhance their defenses amid ongoing geopolitical tensions in the region.

Russian Army Claims Significant Territorial Gains in October Amidst Intensified Conflict in Eastern Ukraine

In a notable development in the ongoing conflict, the Russian military advanced into Ukrainian territory by 478 square kilometers (approximately 184.5 square miles) throughout October, marking its most substantial territorial gain since March 2022. This analysis, released on Monday by AFP, draws on data from the American Institute for the Study of War (ISW).

By October 27, Russian forces had surpassed their territorial conquests from both August and September 2024, during which they seized 477 and 459 square kilometers, respectively. Much of these territorial shifts occurred in the eastern Ukraine region, particularly around the city of Pokrovsk. Russian troops are now positioned just a few kilometers from the city, advancing from the south and east.

This aggressive push emphasizes the increasing challenges faced by Ukrainian forces on the eastern front, where they are contending with a numerically superior and better-equipped Russian military. Additionally, Russian forces have made strides in the northern section of the front, capturing over 40 square kilometers (15.4 square miles) near Kupiansk. This town, initially taken by Russian troops in the war’s early days, was recaptured by Ukraine in a counteroffensive in September 2022.

Historically, significant Russian territorial advancements were last recorded in March 2022 when they advanced toward the Ukrainian capital, Kyiv. However, the fluid nature of the frontline has since diminished. To date in 2023, Russian forces have gained a total of just 584 square kilometers (225.4 square miles). In stark contrast, from January 1, 2024, they have already claimed over 2,660 square kilometers (1,027 square miles)—an area slightly larger than that of Moscow.

Since the conflict began on February 24, 2022, Russian forces have seized a total of 67,192 square kilometers (25,943 square miles) of Ukrainian territory. Alongside the annexed Crimean peninsula and regions under the control of Moscow-backed separatists prior to the February offensive, Russia now holds approximately 18.2 percent of Ukraine’s borders established in 2013.

This analysis by AFP relies on the daily data provided by ISW, which compiles information from both warring sides as well as satellite imagery. The ongoing situation remains critical as Ukraine continues to defend its territory against escalated Russian incursions.

Israel Accelerates Development of Advanced Laser Defense System “Iron Beam” Amid Ongoing Conflicts

Jerusalem, October 23, 2023 – In a significant move to bolster its air defense capabilities, Israel’s defense ministry announced on Monday that it will allocate $530 million to expedite the development of its laser air defense system known as “Iron Beam.” This initiative comes in the wake of increased attacks on Israeli territory, particularly from Hezbollah in Lebanon, in support of Hamas during the ongoing conflict in Gaza.

The defense ministry confirmed the signing of a major deal, amounting to approximately 2 billion shekels, aimed at substantially expanding the procurement of the Iron Beam laser interception systems. This system is designed to enhance Israel’s ability to intercept drones and various other aerial projectiles, addressing a gap in current defensive measures.

Director General of the Defense Ministry, Eyal Zamir, expressed optimism regarding the project’s timeline, stating that he hopes Iron Beam will “enter operational service within a year.” The ministry will collaborate closely with defense contractors Rafael Advanced Defense Systems and Elbit Systems to achieve this goal.

Elbit Systems, in a separate announcement, revealed it had secured a $200 million contract specifically for the development of Iron Beam. The laser defense technology was initially tested in 2021, during which a demonstration showed a laser mounted on a small aircraft successfully disabling a drone by burning a hole through it.

This announcement follows Israel’s recent acquisition of a substantial U.S. military aid package worth $8.7 billion, allocated at a time when the nation is engaged in conflicts with both Hamas and Hezbollah. Of this aid, $5.2 billion is dedicated to enhancing Israel’s air defense systems, which includes support for the cutting-edge laser defense technology currently in its advanced stages of development.

While Israel’s existing air defense systems, including the widely recognized Iron Dome, have provided robust protection against missile and rocket attacks, recent engagements have highlighted the limitations in intercepting every projectile fired from Lebanon. The Iron Dome and other systems, such as David’s Sling and Arrow, are part of a multi-layered shield that successfully intercepted a significant number of missiles during coordinated attacks, notably preventing damage and casualties.

As the situation evolves, the introduction of Iron Beam promises to further strengthen Israel’s aerial defense posture and mitigate the threats posed by hostile groups in the region.

Deadline: Deadly Boko Haram Attack Claims 40 Chadian Troops Near Nigerian Border

In a devastating assault late Sunday, the jihadist group Boko Haram killed approximately 40 Chadian soldiers near the Nigerian border, prompting a swift military response from the government. The attack occurred at a garrison situated in the Lake Chad region, an area notoriously known for violent clashes involving multiple armed groups.

According to local sources, more than 200 Chadian troops were stationed at the garrison near Ngouboua when the attack took place, resulting in around 20 additional casualties due to injuries sustained in the onslaught. The Chadian presidency confirmed the tragedy in an official statement released on Monday, describing the situation as a profound loss for the nation.

President Mahamat Idriss Deby Itno personally visited the attack site early Monday morning and announced an immediate military operation aimed at “tracking down the attackers in their furthest hideouts.” The urgency of this mission is underscored by the gravity of the situation, as Boko Haram militants managed to take control of the garrison, seizing ammunition and equipment before making their escape.

The GCAP opposition platform, consisting of 15 anti-government parties, is demanding clarity on the circumstances surrounding the attack, expressing concerns over a potential "security breach." GCAP spokesman Max Kemkoye voiced skepticism about the preparedness and conditions of the Chadian troops during the ambush, calling for an investigation into the events leading up to the tragedy.

Among the deceased troops was the unit commander, which has heightened tensions within the military ranks. A high-ranking officer disclosed that the assailants had sufficient time to loot the garrison, setting ablaze vehicles equipped with heavy weaponry.

Local sources reported that Boko Haram has intensified its assaults in the Lake Chad region, which is riddled with waterways and swamps that serve as hiding spots for various jihadist factions, including the Islamic State in West Africa (ISWAP). The persistent violence has taken a heavy toll on the region; since Boko Haram began its insurgency in Nigeria in 2009, over 40,000 lives have been lost, displacing millions across the West African region.

This latest attack is reminiscent of a catastrophic encounter in March 2020, where the Chadian army faced one of its highest casualty rates in a single day—approximately 100 troops were killed during a raid on the Bohoma peninsula, prompting a significant military response from the then-president Idriss Deby Itno.

In light of the recent violence, President Deby’s administration reassured citizens and security forces of its commitment to national defense. The interim parliament also called on the populace to remain united behind the head of state during these turbulent times.

As the situation unfolds, international organizations have raised alarms over the escalating humanitarian crisis in the Lake Chad province, with over 220,000 people displaced due to ongoing violence. In addition, concerns have arisen regarding Chad’s involvement in the conflict in Sudan, with accusations of weapon transfers to Sudanese paramilitary forces—allegations that both Chad and the United Arab Emirates have denied.

The human toll continues to escalate in a region beleaguered by conflict, prompting urgent calls for concerted action against the insurgent threats that endanger countless lives.

Argentina Moves to Acquire New Submarines Amidst Financial Hurdles

SANTIAGO, Chile — The Argentine government is advancing in its quest to strengthen its naval capabilities, with plans to acquire three Scorpene submarines from France’s Naval Group in a deal anticipated to reach $2 billion. Sources from Buenos Aires indicate that a Letter of Intention (LoI) was expected to be finalized by mid-October, although negotiations surrounding financial terms are taking longer than anticipated.

The urgency for the acquisition stems from the dire state of the Argentine Navy’s submarine fleet, which currently has no operational vessels. The ARA San Juan, one of two TR-1700 type submarines constructed in Germany during the 1980s, was tragically lost in the South Atlantic in November 2017. Additionally, upgrades to its sister ship, ARA Santa Cruz, initiated in 2016, have been stalled since 2020, effectively rendering the project abandoned. The ARA Salta, an aging Type 209 submarine, remains in service but is restricted to basic training maneuvers due to its inability to dive. In light of these limitations, Argentine naval crews are seeking practical experience with the Peruvian Navy.

Despite France’s willingness to offer favorable credit terms for the new submarines, Argentina faces challenges in securing necessary loan guarantees, a situation complicated by the nation’s complicated financial history. Vicente García, a security and defense analyst based in Montevideo, asserts that while new submarines are essential for the Argentine Navy, cost management is crucial, considering that other military branches also require modernization.

García suggests that purchasing pre-owned vessels might be a more prudent option under the current economic constraints. With President Javier Milei’s administration implementing administrative cuts and reducing social services to improve fiscal liquidity, the nation remains in a precarious situation. He warns that high country risk assessments, coupled with a poverty rate affecting up to 57% of the population, could lead to social instability and further economic decline.

Argentina has, however, moved forward with recent acquisitions, including second-hand F-16 fighter jets from Denmark and P-3C maritime patrol aircraft from Norway for its Air Force and Navy, respectively. The current procurement agenda also encompasses new frigates, armored vehicles for the Army, helicopters across all services, and a modern standard assault rifle.

As Argentina navigates this intricate procurement landscape, the future of its naval capabilities hangs in the balance.

Portugal Secures Purchase of 36 Caesar NG Self-Propelled Howitzers from France

Lisbon, Portugal – In a significant bolstering of its artillery capabilities, the Portuguese government has signed a framework agreement to acquire 36 Caesar NG self-propelled howitzers from France. The delivery of these advanced artillery systems is anticipated by 2034, as confirmed by General Eduardo Mendes Ferrao, Chief of the Army General Staff, during an announcement on Saturday.

General Ferrao emphasized the strategic importance of the procurement, stating, "The aim is for all Portuguese artillery to be equipped with the same weapons system, unlike what happens now, where we have three different systems with all the logistical and operational implications that this entails." The transition from the current towed M114A1 howitzers to the 155mm self-propelled system is expected to streamline operations and enhance efficiency within Portugal’s military forces.

The new howitzers promise considerable advancements in automation, significantly reducing the logistics footprint required for operations. "We are going to reduce a lot in two things. Firstly, the number of people operating, because these systems are already digitized, therefore, they do not need as many personnel. The garrisons will be reduced to approximately half of what we have at the moment,” Ferrao added.

With this agreement, Portugal becomes the fourth nation to utilize the Nexter Caesar NG system, joining Belgium, Lithuania, and France. The 6X6 new generation howitzer features a range of over 40 kilometers (25 miles) and offers enhanced crew protection through its armored cabin. It is powered by a new, more robust 460 horsepower engine, compared to the previous 215 horsepower, and includes a new automatic gearbox and chassis.

Furthermore, the howitzer boasts the latest fire control software and is compatibility with modern radio communication and jamming systems, enhancing interoperability with NATO allies and modernizing Portugal’s military assets.

This move marks a pivotal step for the Portuguese military as it seeks to enhance its operational efficiency and strengthen its position within the NATO alliance.