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Developing a Wonderful Speaking Skill

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Developing a Wonderful Speaking Skill

Having a good speaking skill will help you a lot throughout your SSB as well as your whole life. An error free speech, with a good tone and a good pitch is not liked by whom? Speaking power will sail your boat thoroughly through the storm of Lecturette, GD, Interview Conference and a lot of more things very smoothly. Hence there are a lot many benefits of having a good speaking skill. Here are some things which are essential for a good speaking skill and you must keep these things in mind to have a winning speaking style.

Developing a Wonderful Speaking Skill

  • Watch Your Tone: Your tone that is the intensity of your voice plays a major role. If you are having a very loud voice then you may appear rude and if you are having a very timid voice then you might not be heard at all. Hence practice your tone well. You can ask any of your close one to listen you speaking and then tell you whether you are sounding okay, loud or weak.
  • Maintain Your Posture: While giving lecturette or interview or in GD your posture plays a very important role. If you are using too much of hand gestures then it may look very dramatic. Similarly your slouchy body will reflect your laziness and lack of confidence. If you get up from your chair while arguing in GD may reflect your non-adjustable nature. Hence maintain a firm and straight posture while speaking; this will automatically enhance your speech.
  • Go slow with the speed: While speaking it is very important that you go neither too slow nor very fast. Hence make it a habit to speak in a proper speed neither fast nor slow. To achieve this also you have to practice well before.
  • Eye-Contact: Maintaining an eye contact while speaking is very important. Imagine when somebody is speaking to you and looking somewhere else, how will you feel? Eye-contact reflects your confidence. Make it habit to speak looking directly into the eye of the listener.
  • Choice of word and content: Your choice of words should be appropriate and easy. If you are using too fancy words and nobody is able to understand they’ll lose interest. Similarly the content which you are speaking must also be appropriate and relevant. Like in GD or lecturette speak only on the thing you know well, speaking merely for the stake of speaking is not advisable. One more important thing is that if you are choosing any word to be included in what you are speaking, then be sure about the correct meaning of the word, especially in interview.
  • Smile: No it is not necessary to show all your 32 teeth while speaking that will look amusingly funny, but maintain a calm and smiling face is necessary. It will raise your level of confidence and also make you look good. Promise yourself to not frown even when the whole group is against you in GD and even when the Interviewer is banging you!

Benefits of having a good speaking skill

A good speaking skill will help you in tackling GD and Lecturette very confidently. This something which is in our hand and we can practice it well before, so if you are able to express yourself nicely then it’ll give you an advantage over others. In the interview also you’ll feel confident. The best way to improve your speech is to practice lecturette daily.

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Tashi+profile+pic Tashi Mishra, Editorial Team

She is a defense aspirant from Varanasi completed her BCA. She has attended SSB Interview at 1 AFSB Dehradoon and has more SSB coming up. She is confident about joining Defence Forces one day. Here, she is sharing her views and experience. Mail us to join our editorial team now.

Aircraft Inventory of Indian Airforce

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Aircraft Inventory of Indian Airforce

The Indian Air Force has aircraft and equipment of Russian (erstwhile Soviet Union), British, French, Israeli, U.S. and Indian origins with Russian aircraft dominating its inventory. HAL produces some of the Russian and British aircraft in India under license. The exact number of aircraft in service with the Indian Air Force cannot be determined with precision from open sources. Various reliable sources provide notably divergent estimates for a variety of high-visibility aircraft. Given below is the list of types of aircrafts used in the IAF.

Aircraft Inventory of Indian Airforce

Multi-role fighters and strike aircraft

IAF’s primary air superiority fighter with the additional capability to conduct air-ground (strike) missions is Sukhoi Su-30MKI. The IAF have placed an order for a total of 272 Su-30MKIs of which 170 are in service as of 2013.The Mikoyan MiG-29 known as Baaz (Hindi for Hawk) is a dedicated air superiority fighter and constitutes a second line of defence after the Sukhoi Su-30MKI. 66 MiG-29s are in service, all of which are currently being upgraded to the MiG-29UPG standard.The Dassault Mirage 2000, known as Vajra (Sanskrit for Thunderbolt) in Indian service, is the primary multirole fighter, the IAF currently operates 51 Mirage 2000Hs which are currently being upgraded to the Mirage 2000-5 MK2 standard. The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 serves as an Interceptor aircraft in the IAF. The IAF have phased out most of its MiG-21s and plans to keep only 125 that have been upgraded to MiG-21 Bison standard. These aircraft will be phased out between 2014 and 2017.The MiG-21s are planned to be replaced by the indigenously built HAL Tejas. Dassault Rafale Air superiority fighters will also be included in the fleet soon.
The SEPECAT Jaguar known as Shamsher and the Mikoyan MiG-27 known as Bahadur (Hindi for Valiant) serve as the IAF’s primary ground attack force.The IAF currently operates 139 Jaguars and over 100 MiG-27s. 

Tanker and transport aircrafts

The IAF currently operates 6 Ilyushin Il-78MKIs in the aerial refueling (tanker) role. For strategic military transport operations the IAF uses the Ilyushin Il-76 known as Gajraj (Hindi for King Elephant) in Indian service. The IAF currently operates 17 Il-76s, which are to be replaced by a number of C-17 Globemaster IIIs in the near future.
The C-130J of the IAF is used by special forces for combined Army-Air Force operations. There are currently 6 C-130Js in service.The Antonov An-32 known as Sutlej (name of an Indian river) serves as medium transport aircraft in the IAF. The aircraft is also used in bombing roles and para-dropping operations. The IAF currently operates 105 An-32s, all of which are being upgraded.The Dornier Do 228 serves as light transport aircraft in the IAF. The IAF also operates Boeing 737s and Embraer ECJ-135 Legacy aircrafts as VIP transports and passenger airliners for troops. The Hawker Siddeley HS 748 once formed the backbone of the IAF’s transport fleet, but are now used mainly for training and communication duties, a replacement is under consideration. 

Trainer aircrafts

The HAL HPT-32 Deepak is IAF’s basic flight training aircraft for cadets. The HPT-32 is to be phased out soon. The IAF uses the HAL HJT-16 Kiran MKI for intermediate flight training of cadets, while the HJT-16 Kiran MKII provides advanced flight and weapons training and also operated by the Surya Kiran Aerobatic Team (SKAT) of the IAF. The Kiran is to be replaced by the HAL HJT-36 Sitara. The BAE Hawk Mk 132 serves as an advanced jet trainer in the IAF and is progressively replacing the Kiran MKII. The IAF has begun the process of converting the Surya Kiran display team to Hawks. A total of 106 BAE Hawk trainers have been ordered by the IAF of which 39 have entered service as of July 2010.
75 Pilatus PC-7 Mk-II (Swiss Origin) are being inducted in the IAF, out of them 18 have been received, they will act as basic Trainers. 

Helicopters

The HAL Dhruv serves primarily as a light utility helicopter in the IAF. In addition to transport and utility roles, newer Dhruvs are also used as attack helicopters. 4 Dhruvs are also operated by the Indian Air Force Sarang Helicopter Display Team.The HAL Chetak is a light utility helicopter and is used primarily for training, rescue and light transport roles in the IAF. The HAL Chetak is being gradually replaced by HAL Dhruv. The HAL Cheetah is a light utility helicopter used for high altitude operations. It is used for both transport and search-and-rescue missions in the IAF. The Mil Mi-8 and the Mil Mi-17 are operated by the IAF for medium utility roles. The Mi-8 is being progressively replaced by the Mi-17. The Mil Mi-26 serves as a heavy lift helicopter in the IAF. It can also be used to transport troops or as a flying ambulance. The IAF currently operates 4 Mi-26s. The Mil Mi-35 serves primarily as an attack helicopter in the IAF. The Mil Mi-35 can also act as a low-capacity troop transport.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

The IAF currently uses the IAI Searcher II and IAI Heron for reconnaissance and surveillance purposes. The IAI Harpy serves as an Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle (UCAV) which is designed to attack radar systems. The IAF also operates the DRDO Lakshya which serves as realistic towed aerial sub-targets for live fire training.

Airborne early warning aircrafts

The IAF currently operates the EL/W-2090 Phalcon AEW&C. A total of 3 such systems are currently in service, with possible orders for 2 more.
Tashi+profile+pic Tashi Mishra, Editorial Team

She is a defense aspirant from Varanasi completed her BCA. She has attended SSB Interview at 1 AFSB Dehradoon and has more SSB coming up. She is confident about joining Defence Forces one day. Here, she is sharing her views and experience. Mail us to join our editorial team now.

CDS Exam 8 Important Theorems to Solve Circle Problems In Geometry

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CDS Exam 8 Important Theorems to Solve Circle Problems In Geometry

Friends geometry is very important topic for every CDS in mathematics section. In exam paper there are near 16 to 19 questions from this section. Whole geometry can’t be covered in single article, so here in this article I tried to put theorems related to circles in geometry.

cds+exam+circle theorums

1. Equal chords of circle subtends equal angle at center and vice versa. If AB =CD in figure then
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2. Perpendicular from the center of the circle to a chord bisects the chord. If
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3. There is one and only one circle passing through three non col linear points.
4. Equal chords of the circle are equidistant from Center. If AB=BD then GE=EF
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5. The angle subtended by an arc at the center is double the angle subtended by it at any point on the remaining part of the circle. In each case

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6. The sum of the either pair of opposite angles of cyclic quadrilateral is 180.a quadrilateral is cyclic if all the four vertices of it lie on a circle. Here 


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7. The tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact.
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8. The lengths of the tangents drawn from external point on circle are equal. Here PA=PB
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gaurav Gaurav Vaishnav, Editorial Team

Gaurav is a defence aspirant and appeared for SSB interview 8 times, he is here to share his experience of different selection centres across India. Mail us to join our editorial team now.

Preparation for AFCAT 2014

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Preparation for AFCAT 2014

As craze for Air force has constantly growing, AFCAT-1 for this year forth will begin 24 February 2014. With rising aspirants preparing for AFCAT each year, the level of competition has also soared. Thus, my article addresses, the format of Exam and the tips for aspiring candidates preparing for this exam.

Preparation for Verbal Ability in English

The level of this section is difficult, even more than the level of CDS. Verbal ability consists in four sections
  • Reading Comprehension
  • Preparation of Vocabulary
  • Error detection and Correction
  • Sentence completion
Preparation for AFCAT 2014
For Reading Comprehension
To comprehend means to understand. Reading comprehension tests involves the ability of a candidate to understand the content of a given passage. This section comprises questions based upon a brief passage usually consisting one paragraph. Generally the level of this section is average and so is easy to score more. Our suggestion for this section is to read as many as passages or articles you could read either from the newspapers or magazines and try to understand the theme.
Tips for reading comprehension
  • Read the passage carefully and detect the theme.
  • Understand the questions carefully.
  • Answer the questions by choosing the right option.
For preparation of vocabulary
Preparation of Vocabulary can be done online or offline. Different words of nearly the same meaning but used differently are called synonyms. A word which is opposite in meaning to the given word is called Antonyms.
In this type of questions, generally a word is given, followed by four or five alternatives. The candidate is required to choose the word which is the nearest word meaning of the given word. For online preparation, I would suggest vocabulary.com as one of the best website candidates can use to learn more words to add in their dictionary.
For error detection and correction
R S Aggarwal’s objective General English, Arihant’s General English are some of the books you can refer to prepare for Error detection and correction.
For Preparation of sentence Completion
In this section the candidates have to pick the most effective word from the given words to fill in the blank to make the sentence more meaningful and understanding. The only tip for preparing this section is the ability to learn the usage of word in a particular situation.
To comprehend means to understand. Reading comprehension tests a candidate’s ability to understand the content of a given passage. This section involves question based upon a brief passage usually consisting in a paragraph. 

Preparation for General Awareness

Tips for General awareness
General awareness is one of the vast topics and proper preparation is required while preparing for this test. For those who study history subjects from the textbooks, you may find the topics dull and mundane. To resolve this you can browse through the videos provided on the internet based on curriculum of Indian History. As videos are more interesting for preparing History, you can easily understand and quickly recall the events more clearly. We are also enclosing some URLs to help you in the competition. For preparing Current Affairs, we would advise the daily newspapers, magazines. You can also subscribe competition magazines like Pratiyogita Darpan to read more on current affairs.

Preparation for Aptitude

The level of Aptitude is getting difficult in AFCAT, but it’s still the most scoring section in the competition. This section consist Decimal Fraction, Simplification, Average, Profit & Loss, Percentage, Ratio & Proportion and Simple Interest. Any school textbooks can be referred while preparing for this section.

Preparation for Analogy and Classification

This is a section which can lead to negative marking and can decrease your score. The Tip you can follow is to go through as many question as it will help you to understand the different class of questions that comes in the Examination. Try to download some books and practice question.                                               

Preparation for Non- Verbal Aptitude

This section is very easy to compare all other sections in the exam. This can be the most scoring section in the exam. For a better understanding of topics, you can refer textbooks like Arihant or RS Aggarwal. Do well, Good Luck!!!

Also Read

anurag+new Anurag Joshi, Editorial Team

Anurag Joshi is a defence aspirants, he has completed B.tech Graduate with Electronics subjects. He lives in Vasundhara, Ghaziabad. His area of interest are aligns sports, general awareness and social reforms. Mail us to join our editorial team now.

How to Write Stories in TAT

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How to Write Stories in TAT

TAT stands for thematic appreciation testand it is held on the very first day after the screening test. Candidates who clear Phase -1 test, stay for remaining 5 days. They have to undergo the psychology test on the first day.

The psychology test contains
  • TAT
  • WAT
  • SRT
  • Self Description
How to Write Stories in TAT
TAT is the first test of phase -2 screening. It contains 11+1 pictures. The first 11 pictures contain a series of slides on which you’ll have to write stories on. And the last slide will be a blank slide out of which you can write any story but make sure the story will have your life experiences or problems you have faced and how you overcame those problems. One gets 30 second to see the picture and then 4 minutes for writing a story around it.
TAT is test of your imagination. It’s not a test for beauty of expressions, so, do not use heavy-duty words and do not try to overshow your ideas through writing. You just have to make a story around the picture.
  • The psychologist will test your personality using TAT, WAT, SRT, and self description.
  • All the tests are used for analysing your personality and to check whether you have officers like quality.
  • Always remember, the answers of TAT, WAT, SRT and self description are compared with one another to find out the real personality of the candidate.
Also Read

Golden Tips for writing stories in TAT

  • First, look at the pictures carefully showing on the screen and relate to the pictures to form an idea in your mind about the situation.
  • Most likely, it is always easy to form an idea to drive it with a positive approach and then write a story on that idea
  • Write story on that idea which comes to your mind at the very beginning.
  • Each story must have a central character with whom you can identify with. The hero should act in a normal manner to find out the solution of the problem.
  • The story should have some supporting character that can help the main character to come out of the problem.
  • Do not write pre-conceived stories, because the pictures stories are set to an accorded pattern. And if one misses or skips through the loop, the psychologist can easily trace that your story does not follow the psychological pattern which can get you out.
  • To narrate the story, use names of people in your group as the central character. And do not use RAM, SHYAM, SITA, and GEETA as the main character instead.
  • The stories should always reflect your personality. As it will be crosschecked in the WAT, SRT and self description.
  • FOR EXAMPLE- If in a story, you are writing that X is a sportsperson then you should also have played sports in your life.
  •  If you are friendly and lively than it should reflect in the main character’s personality. He should be fun loving and friendly in the story.
  • An important note: Try to portray as many officers like quality you have in your personality in the stories and let it appear in other psyche tests also.
  • The main character has to be positive and bring out the story as a positive one.
Tips to follow when the ideas do not come to your mind, here I am using some examples:
  • If in a picture: A boy’s hand is placed on his head. The idea is: X is a boy, who lost his job in the time of recession. Now, he uses social networking sites to track HRs of different companies, after few months he got an interview call.
  • If in a picture: there are 2 girls. Then the idea is: To interpret one boy and then you can make your situation accordingly to illustrate women empowerment, harassment issue, women education like issues.
  • If in a picture: 2 people are fighting. The idea is – they are performing under karate, taekwondo, or a boxing match

So you can easily make a story by observing a picture carefully and by correlating with a practical problem.

anurag+new Anurag Joshi, Editorial Team

Anurag Joshi is a defence aspirants, he has completed B.tech Graduate with Electronics subjects. He lives in Vasundhara, Ghaziabad. His area of interest are aligns sports, general awareness and social reforms. Mail us to join our editorial team now.

Group Planning Exercise 6 SSB Interview

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Here is another unsolved GPE Group Planing Exercise sample for you. Candidates can look at the GPE map and sample situation details below. Candidates can write their responses in the comment box below and can also comment on other candidates’ solution. One should not take more than 10 mins to write the full GPE solution.

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Group Planning Exercise 6 Details

You are group of 8 students of Kumarpur College returning from Lalbagh after winning a Football Competition. As your mini bus stopped at the petrol pump-cum-garage to get the headlights of the mini-bus repaired, you saw a person lying in a pool of blood. He told you that he is a native of Rampur village and a communal crisis broke down in Rampur village. As he came to the petrol pump to ask help of the attendant and call police some terrorists attacked the pump and beaten him up and cut off the telephone wires.They also took the attendant with them. He managed to hear their conversation. They planned to bomb  the Dusshera Mela at 6.00 pm. They have also planned to kill the CM who is coming for the inauguration of Dusshera Mela at the Helipad at 5.30pm. They have also removed the fish plates near Rampur village. The train will pass Rampur village at 6.30 pm. After telling this the man fell unconscious. Just then a man inquires about you and tells you that your mother got dengue . Jetty facility is available at Surya canal from 4.00pm to 8.00pm. Police station and Army unit is there in Shyamli town . A  PCO is also available at Shyamli town.  There are some carts available at Ramte ram village. Now the time is 4.00pm. You have got a mini-bus with you, being a young and brave students what will you do?

Group Planning Exercise 6 Map

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Blue Print for Military Planning Exercise or Group Planning Exercise

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Blue Print for Military Planning Exercise or Group Planning Exercise

Group planning exercise is the first task of the GTO, and also a very sound opportunity for making an impression on the GTO. A group planning exercise contains a set of problems which brings out all “officers’ like qualities” in a candidate which encompasses quality to lead (the lads), organising, courage, team work, spontaneity, and effective intelligence, etc.


Blue Print for Military Planning Exercise

  1. First and foremost see the map and scale up the distance. For calculating the distance you can use your hand. For Example: If the scale says 5cm = 1km, and my hand (the distance from the tip of the hand to the start of the wrist) is approximately 15cm, so my hand is equal to 3km on the map. This technique will give you a clear vision of the distance in the map, which will also give you a better knowledge of the time required.
  2. This technique will help you to understand the distance and time required to solve a problem.
  3. The second important thing is to locate your position using the direction mentioned in the map. If you get the opportunity to narrate the plan, use direction, distance, time required and the right time to narrate the story.
  4. And always remember, when a GTO narrates a story, listen to it very carefully and count the no. of problems. It will help you to remember the no. of problems and set the priority accordingly.
  5. Prioritize your solution, help the person who need it utmost. For Example: Let’s suppose if you are alone and going to bring water from a village where you see a girl have fallen in the well. Then what would you do? You first help the girl using the rope and the bucket from the well. Do not run for the help because the case might be that the girl would drown in the meantime. Now when you have rescued her, give her CPR as well, it will show your awareness and spontaneity.
  6. Use the resources efficiently , it will increase your chance to stand out in your group. For Example: Like if you are at a petrol pump, you can use petrol to make bombs. You can find some bottles and can make petrol bombs
  7. If you are coming from a Match you will have a first-aid kit which you can use to help the casualties.
  8. Or if you are at a PCO booth you can call the fire-brigade, RPF, Police, Bomb disposal squad, Disaster Management, or NDRF team.
  9. Use the resources which are certain: like using a cart instead of asking a lift. This way you can do your task till the time you will get the lift.
  10. If you are trapped, you can also use a knife, match-box, and fire for signalling.
  11. Never engage yourself in a fight with the “terrorists” till the time you don’t have any other options. Try to maintain a safe distance and keep an eye on them. If they try to escape, use petrol bombs or use fire to stop them. In case of goons and thieves, you can engage yourself but try and make sure your people don’t get hurt.
  12. If you require more manpower, use villagers or co-passengers.
  13. Divide the group according to requirement. Send more people where the situation is more vulnerable.
  14. If a car is collided with the truck on a highway, first clear the highway otherwise more accident will happen. Remove the remains of the vehicles to clear the site. If that is not possible, use placards or red cloth for signalling the traffic.
Blue Print for Military Planning Exercise or Group Planning Exercise

Blue print for a better group discussion 

  1. Keep your bond stronger in your group using interpersonal skills so that it will help you in the group discussion as the group will listen to your points carefully and support it.
  2. Also try to talk to your group a day before the task and make a strategy. It will help you and your group to follow a strategy.
  3. If someone is narrating the conclusion do not interrupt him in-between.
  4. If you think that a person in a group talks too much or in any means is intimidating, try to talk to him before the task starts and tell him that the purpose is to get recommended not to fight.
  5. If you don’t agree with the conclusion, don’t start a fight. Try not to add any points after the conclusion. If still you want to add a single point, you can add it after the conclusion. But you should remember not to contradict with the conclusion. It will draw a bad impression of you and your group as well.
  6. Try to give a reason behind your points it will help others to understand your point.
  7. Use proper postures and gesture to put your point more effectively.
  8. Always wear a smile while a task, you are there for a discussion only not a war.
anurag+new Anurag Joshi, Editorial Team

Anurag Joshi is a defence aspirants, he has completed B.tech Graduate with Electronics subjects. He lives in Vasundhara, Ghaziabad. His area of interest are aligns sports, general awareness and social reforms. Mail us to join our editorial team now.

The Royal Couple Meets the Future Warriors

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The Royal Couple Meets the Future Warriors

The second day of Prince Charles and Camilla the Duchess of Cornwall’s tour of India comprised of a visit to the Indian Military Academy, IMA Dehradun. The royal couple were all suited and booted as they stepped into this prestigious academy. They were certainly excited to see the marvelous infrastructure of the academy, and were amazed to see the future officers of the Indian Army, whose courage and valor has been always unmatched.

The visit to the academy began with a tour of the academy, which was followed by an exhibition of horsemanship. This exhibition particularly was a delight as it brought a smile on the duchess’ face. She was impressed by the way the riders while racing across the field used lances, swords and bayonets to spear the on ground targets. This show was put up by the gentlemen cadets of the IMA, Dehradun which portrayed how well they are trained and the excellent exhibition of the horsemanship spoke about the tough and up to the mark standard of efficient training schedule the gentlemen cadets are put through before they turn into an able officer in the Indian Army.
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The Royal Couple Meets the Future Warriors

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The Royal Couple Meets the Future Warriors

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The Royal Couple Meets the Future Warriors
The duchess was particularly impressed by Anant Rajpurohid, 21, who showed off his riding skills in an activity called tent pegging. He used a lance to spear a foam target, and then dropped it to grab a sword stuck in the ground which he used to stab another peg before picking up a bayonet to hit a final target. The duchess even complimented Anant by saying that He appeared very natural while doing the show, and questioned him about the time he took to get trained like this.
Prince Charles was particularly interested in knowing about the daily routine of the cadets and asked them about the drills, sports and holidays etc. He also observed that the cadets came from diverse backgrounds and thus asked them about their native places as well. Duchess Camilla kept on admiring the equestrian wing.
The Royal couple was also taken to the Vikram Batra Mess where the Prince interacted with the Gentlemen Cadets of IMA as well as the Rashtriya Indian Military College (RIMC), another premier military training school set up by the British in 1922. IMA Commandant Lt. Gen. Manvendra Singh, while welcoming the Prince, stressed that his visit would further strengthen the historic and strong bonds between the two nations who also shared high military values.
Prince Charles was presented with the photos of the iconic institutions of the IMA and RIMC as well as a silver plaque as memento. He presented the IMA Commandant with a shining sword. Meanwhile, Duchess Camilla was apprised of the relief works carried out by the NGOs during the mid-June natural catastrophe and their further plans to rehabilitate the victims.
The Indian Military Academy, Dehradun (also known as IMA) is the officer training Academy of the Indian Army. IMA was established in 1932. It is indeed one of the most prestigious institutions of the world, and the making of an army officer takes place here.
Also Read
Tashi+profile+pic Tashi Mishra, Editorial Team

She is a defense aspirant from Varanasi completed her BCA. She has attended SSB Interview at 1 AFSB Dehradoon and has more SSB coming up. She is confident about joining Defence Forces one day. Here, she is sharing her views and experience. Mail us to join our editorial team now.

How Does an Aircraft Flies?

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How Does an Aircraft Flies?

Hello IAF and Naval pilot aspirants! In order to be on a safer side in your interview you must have the knowledge about the principle and technique (basics) of the flight of an aircraft, if you have applied for flying branch. Without saying much I’ll directly come to the point, i.e. the principle behind the flight of an aircraft.

The aircraft flies basically following the Bernoulli’s Principle, however there are other things associated as well, which you’ll understand as you read this article further. Here is what this principle means. This principle states that as the velocity of a fluid increases, its pressure decreases. Now when you are asked that how does an aircraft flies and you give “Bernoulli’s Principle” as the answer, it is most likely that the IO will stop you in between and say that I know this tell me something else, hence this would be the incomplete answer. Let us have a look what the correct answer should be.

How Does an Aircraft Flies?

There are basically a few forces acting on the aircraft which are:
  • Lift: It is produced by a lower pressure created on the upper surface of an airplane’s wings compared to the pressure on the wing’s lower surfaces, causing the wing to be LIFTED upward.
  • Thrust: It is defined as the forward direction pushing or pulling force developed by aircraft engine
  • Drag: It is the force which slows the forward movement of airplane though the air when the aircraft direction is opposite to the direction of the motion of the airplane.
  • Gravity: It is a natural phenomenon by which all physical bodies attract each other. It is most commonly experienced as the agent that gives weight to objects with mass and causes them to fall to the ground when dropped.
Now let us know how these forces work:
Forces Acting along the Y-axis: Lift and Weight
Vertical motion of an airplane, and all the associated components of different forces acting along the y-axis, is primarily due to the lift-weight couple. In order to fly, the wings of an aircraft must support the plane’s weight. To do so, these wings generate lift. Let’s see how lift is created:
  1. Aerospace engineers design the wing of an aircraft in a manner such that the air flowing over it is faster than that flowing under it.
  2. According to the Bernoulli principle, faster-moving air has a comparatively lower static pressure, than slow-moving air.
  3. This creates a pressure differential over and under the wing; i.e. a region of low pressure over the wing and a region of high pressure under it.
  4. The area of low pressure literally sucks-in the wing under it, assisted by the high pressure region pushing the wing upwards.
  5. This vertical movement of the aircraft is due to the force of Lift.
Forces Acting along the X-axis: Thrust and Drag
Aircraft need to propel forward, in order to cover horizontal distances. This propulsion is also required to attain a certain speed of relative airflow, necessary for the production of lift. Thrust must not be confused with the airspeed of an aircraft. Airspeed is a measure of aircraft motion through the air, while thrust is the force creating that forward motion relative to the remote airflow.
Generated by aircraft engines, thrust is an airplane’s primary driving force. As an airplane speeds through the air, resistance to its forward motion develops. This resistance to the motion of an aircraft, be it vertical motion (lift) or horizontal motion (thrust), is called drag.
Application of Bernoulli’s Principle on an Aircraft
If the air is flowing on the top surface of an aircraft wing is moving faster than the bottom surface then the press on the upper surface of the aircraft wing is less as compared to the pressure on the wing’s lower surface which causes the wing to lifted upwards.
In other words, the wings are designed so that the air flowing over it will have to travel a greater distance faster, resulting in lower pressure area thus lifting the wings.
Upper wing: Airflow is More & Pressure is Less
Tashi+profile+pic Tashi Mishra, Editorial Team

She is a defense aspirant from Varanasi completed her BCA. She has attended SSB Interview at 1 AFSB Dehradoon and has more SSB coming up. She is confident about joining Defence Forces one day. Here, she is sharing her views and experience. Mail us to join our editorial team now.

How to Apply Online for CDS 1 2014

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How to Apply Online for CDS 1 2014

Just like the previous year’s this year also UPSC is accepting CDSE applications for CDS 1 2014 online. Here is a quick guide to the candidates on how they can apply for CDS 1 online.

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1. First go to www.upsconline.nic.in. You will see a window which displays all the examinations, recruitments, admits cards etc. for which online entries are open, click on ‘online application for various examination of UPSC and then you’ll come to a screen which depicts CDS 1, click on part-I registration.
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2. Part-I registration window will open; fill in all details very carefully. Candidates are advised to go through the detailed notification of CDS 1 2014 very thoroughly at least once.
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3. You have to choose your qualification as per the mentioned standards. So choose as per your suitability. You can choose the code 01, 02 or 03 whichever is applicable to you.
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4. When you’ll finish filling it and are sure that your entries are correct then you click on the “continue” button at the end of the page. When you click continue you come to a kind of preference form, you can choose your preference as per your qualification and desire. If you are applicable only for a single preference it will automatically be marked 1, like for women candidates OTA will be marked 1 by default.
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5. When you are done with choosing preference and selecting details about NCC, Army/sainik school etc. then when you click continue you’ll come across a page which depicts all details of your registration, if you are satisfied then you can click submit else you can update your desired detail. On submitting this, you’ll be done with the part-I registration and will receive a registration slip on your screen, an auto-generated email will be sent on your given mail ID which will contain your registration number. Note down the Registration number very carefully.
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6. Now begins your Part-II registration, you can directly go to part II registration from the registration slip you got previously or you can separately go to part-II registration by following step 1, only here you have to click on Part-II registration. You see a screen where you have to fill in your registration number and your DOB.
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7. Now you have to upload a formal photograph and your scanned signature, the size of these should not exceed 40 KB and they must be of 110×140 pixels dimension. You can see the uploading instructions for any doubt.
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8. Once you choose the photo and click upload and are satisfied with your photos, then you are asked to choose the Exam center. Once you do so you are done with registration. You are asked whether you want to take print out of the registration or not, you can do as you desire. In this way you are done with CDS 1 online registration for 2014 CDS 1 exam.
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Congrats and now tighten up your seat belts and get set go for studies!
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Tashi+profile+pic Tashi Mishra, Editorial Team

She is a defense aspirant from Varanasi completed her BCA. She has attended SSB Interview at 1 AFSB Dehradoon and has more SSB coming up. She is confident about joining Defence Forces one day. Here, she is sharing her views and experience. Mail us to join our editorial team now.