In recent years, the Indian Navy has faced several incidents involving its submarines, raising concerns about the safety and operational readiness of its underwater fleet. Notably, in 2015, the Kilo-class submarine INS Sindhughosh collided with a fishing vessel off the western coast, resulting in minor damage to its periscope. This incident underscored the potential risks posed by navigating busy maritime routes.
Prior incidents also highlight serious challenges. In February 2014, a fire broke out on the INS Sindhuratna, tragically claiming the lives of two officers onboard. This unfortunate event raised questions about fire safety protocols on naval vessels. Earlier, in August 2013, the INS Sindhurakshak was severely damaged by explosions while berthed at the naval dockyard near Mumbai, leading to the loss of fifteen sailors along with three officers, a devastating incident that prompted a thorough review of submarine safety measures.
The history of the INS Sindhughosh also includes a significant collision in January 2008 with the foreign merchant vessel MV Leeds Castle while attempting to surface near Mumbai. These incidents are part of a broader narrative regarding the aging fleet of submarines operated by the Indian Navy, which includes vessels that are over 20 years old.
Currently, the Indian Navy operates a total of 16 submarines across various classes, including five Kalvari (Scorpene) class submarines, four Shishumar class (HDW SSKs), and seven Sindhughosh class submarines. The introduction of new submarines into service has been sluggish, with only five Scorpene boats currently operational and a sixth yet to be commissioned.
In stark contrast, China has significantly bolstered its naval capabilities, boasting a fleet that now consists of 355 warships and submarines, making it the largest navy in the world. This expansion includes a continuous deployment of Chinese warships and submarines into the Indian Ocean, further heightening strategic concerns for India. The comparison between India’s 130-strong naval fleet and China’s growing maritime power underscores the urgent need for India to modernize and expand its underwater capabilities in response to the shifting balance of power in the region.
